Charles Henry Gordon-Lennox, Lord Settrington (26 January 1899 – 24 August 1919) was a British aristocrat and heir to the dukedoms of Richmond, Lennox and Gordon. A lieutenant in the British Army during World War I and the Russian Civil War, he was killed during the North Russia intervention.
Lord Settrington | |
|---|---|
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| Born | 26 January 1899 67 Cadogan Square, London, United Kingdom |
| Died | 24 August 1919 (aged 20) Bereznik, Severnaya Oblast, Russian State |
| Buried | |
| Service |  British Army |
| Years of service | 1916–1919 |
| Rank | Lieutenant |
| Unit | |
| Battles / wars | |
| Relations |
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Early life
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Charles Gordon-Lennox was born on 29 January 1899 at 67 Cadogan Square, London, to Lord Settrington and his wife, Hilda Madeline Brassey.[1][2][3] Since his elder brother died in infancy in 1895, Charles was heir to the dukedoms of Richmond, Lennox and Gordon, as well as the French dukedom of Aubigny.[4][5] He was a descendant of King Charles II and his mistress Louise de Kérouaille, Duchess of Portsmouth. From the death of his great-grandfather, the 6th Duke of Richmond, in 1903 he held the courtesy title Lord Settrington. Charles was raised at Molecomb House, a house on the family's Goodwood Estate in West Sussex.[6]
In 1903, at the age of four, he attended the ninth birthday party of Prince Edward of Wales, the future King Edward VIII and later Duke of Windsor.[7] In 1911, he was his grandfather's page at the coronation of King George V.[8] His grandfather, the 7th Duke of Richmond, carried the Sceptre with Dove.[9]
He was educated at Eton College and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst.[6]
Military service
editWorld War I
editOn 26 October 1916, Settrington received a commission in the Irish Guards with the rank of second lieutenant.[10] He was later raised to the rank of lieutenant on 22 July 1917.[11]
Prior to being deployed, his girlfriends included Joyce Barbour and Faith Celli, to the disapproval of his mother.[6]
On 13 April 1918, after three days under heavy enemy artillery fire, Settrington went missing in action during the Battle of Hazebrouck.[12][13] He had been captured by the Germans and remained a prisoner of war at Karlsruhe until the Armistice of 11 November 1918.[14] He returned to England in December 1918.[15]
Russian Civil War
editAfter the October Revolution, the Allies intervened in the Russian Civil War on the side of the White movement.[15] Bored with civilian life, Settrington volunteered with the 45th Battalion of the Royal Fusiliers and was deployed to North Russia as part of the North Russia intervention.[16][1]
On 10 August 1919, British troops advanced to the Northern Dvina, southeast of Arkhangelsk, and attacked the Bolshevik positions. They captured the villages of Sludka and Lypovets. That evening, the company, with the 16th Company of D Platoon as the rear, attempted to link up with the main Allied force, burdened with villagers, wounded and over 500 released prisoners. On the morning of 11 August, the company was crossing a makeshift bridge over the Sheika River. They came under enemy fire and Settrington was shot in the chest, falling into the river. Settrington, along with three other soldiers, were pulled from the river by Arthur Sullivan, an action for which he was awarded the Victoria Cross.[17][18]
Death and legacy
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Settrington died of his injuries in Bereznik, Severnaya Oblast, on 24 August 1919 at the age of 20.[1] He was buried in the Imperial War Graves Commission's Archangel Allied Cemetery.[1] A memorial service was held in London at the Guards' Chapel, Wellington Barracks.[19]
Settrington was considered the first love of Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, the future Queen Mother, a close friend of his sister, Lady Doris. Upon his death, Bowes-Lyon called him "my only true friend", writing: "I was not shy about him and he was so delightful. It's terrible, and his family just adored him. He was completely unique and always said what he thought [...] Charlie was the only one I could talk to in a completely natural and simple way – he was dear to me, and I miss him very much".[20]
A memorial plaque to Settrington and his father was erected in the Church of St Mary and St Blaise, Boxgrove, near Goodwood.[21]
References
edit- ^ a b c d "Lieutenant Charles Henry Gordon-Lennox". Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
- ^ "Lieutenant Charles Henry Settrington (alias Gordon-Lennox)". Imperial War Museum. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
- ^ Dod's, p. 466.
- ^ Challinger, p. 12.
- ^ Stand To!: The Journal of the Western Front Association. Western Front Association. 2001. pp. 50–51. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
- ^ a b c Peill, James. "In Memoriam". Goodwood. Retrieved 19 April 2023.
- ^ Quinlivian, p. 105.
- ^ "Invitations to the Coronation of King George V and Queen Mary, addressed to the Earl and Countess of March, and to Lord Settrington". The National Archives. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
- ^ Milne, p. 38.
- ^ "No. 29803". The London Gazette (Supplement). 24 October 1916. p. 10406.
- ^ "No. 30543". The London Gazette (Supplement). 22 February 1918. p. 2470.
- ^ Kipling, p. 199.
- ^ Kipling, p. 223.
- ^ "Under the Red Cross" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 August 2017. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
- ^ a b Murland, p. 167.
- ^ Singleton-Gates, p. 175
- ^ Quinlivian, p. 304.
- ^ Challinger, p. 285.
- ^ "Memorial service". The Times. 1 October 1919. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
- ^ Shawcross, p. 67
- ^ "Maj C H G Lennox And Lt C G L Lennox". Imperial War Museum. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
Bibliography
edit- Milne, J. Hogarth (1914). Great Britain in the Coronation Year. London: W. H. Allen & Company Limited. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
- Dod's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage. London: Simkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co., Ltd. 1918. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
- Singleton-Gates, GR (1920). Bolos & Barishynas. Aldershot: Gale & Polden. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
- Kipling, Rudyard (1923). The Irish Guards in the Great War. New York: Doubleday, Page & Company. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
- Quinlivian, Peter (2006). Forgotten Valour: The Story of Arthur Sullivan V.C. New Holland. ISBN 9781741104868.
- Challinger, Michael (2010). Anzacs in Arkhangel: The Untold Story of Australia and the Invasion of Russia 1918-19. Hardie Grant Books. ISBN 9781740667517.
- Murland, Jerry (2010). Aristocrats Go to War: Uncovering the Zillebeke Churchyard Cemetery. Pen & Sword Military.
- Shawcross, William, ed. (2012). Counting One's Blessings: The Selected Letters of Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. ISBN 9780374185220.