General Charles Cadogan, 2nd Baron Cadogan (1684/5 – 24 September 1776)[1] was a British Army officer, Whig politician and peer.
The Lord Cadogan | |
|---|---|
| Member of Parliament for Newport, Isle of Wight | |
| In office 1722–1726 Serving with The Lord Whitworth | |
| Preceded by | The Earl of March The Lord Whitworth |
| Succeeded by | Sir William Willys George Huxley |
| Member of Parliament for Reading | |
| In office 1716–1722 Serving with Owen Buckingham | |
| Preceded by | Felix Calvert Robert Clarges |
| Succeeded by | Anthony Blagrave Clement Kent |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Charles Cadogan 1685 |
| Died | 24 September 1776 (aged 90–91) |
| Political party | Whigs |
| Spouse |
Elizabeth Sloane
(m. 1717; died 1768) |
| Relations | William Cadogan, 1st Earl Cadogan (brother) Hardress Waller (grandfather) |
| Parent(s) | Henry Cadogan Bridget Waller |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  Great Britain |
| Branch/service |  British Army |
| Rank | General |
| Unit | Coldstream Guards 2nd Troop of Horse Guards King's Own Regiment of Foot Black Dragoons |
| Battles/wars | War of the Spanish Succession: • Battle of Oudenarde • Battle of Malplaquet |
Early life
editCadogan was the younger son of Henry Cadogan of Liscarton, County Meath, and his wife, the former Bridget Waller, second daughter of the regicide Sir Hardress Waller. In 1726, he inherited his title on the death without male issue of his elder brother William Cadogan, 1st Earl Cadogan,[2] whose titles, other than 1st Baron Cadogan, became extinct.[3]
Career
editHe joined the Army, serving during the War of the Spanish Succession where he saw action at the Battles of Oudenarde and Malplaquet.[4] His career benefited from his brother's close connection to the Army's Captain General the Duke of Marlborough. He rose, by 1715, to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel in the Coldstream Guards. He was promoted Brigadier-General in 1735, Major-General in 1739, Lieutenant-General in 1745 and full General in 1761.[3] Atterbury describes Cadogan as "a bold, bad, boistrous, blustering, bloody, booby.".[5]
He was given the Colonelcy of the 4th Foot in 1719, transferring in 1734 to be Colonel of the 6th Dragoons until 1742, when he transferred a second time to be Colonel of the 2nd Troop of Horse Guards, a position he then held until his death.[6]
Later, he served as Governor of Sheerness between 1749 and 1752 and Governor of Gravesend and Tilbury Fort from 1752 until his death in 1776.[3]
Political career
editAfter being defeated in his election to become a Member of Parliament for Reading in 1715, he was returned as a Whig in a by-election in 1716.[3] He acted in Parliament with his brother in support of Sunderland against Walpole and represented Reading until the 1722 election when he was beaten by Tories at Reading. However, was successful at a by-election at Newport, Isle of Wight (his brother being then governor of the Isle of Wight).[3]
Upon his brother's death in 1726, he succeeded to his barony of Cadogan of Oakley, under special remainder, but not to the earldom, and gave up his seat in the House of Commons.[3]
Personal life
editOn 25 July 1717, Cadogan was married to the heiress Elizabeth Sloane at the Church of St George the Martyr, Queen Square, London. Elizabeth was a daughter of Sir Hans Sloane, 1st Baronet, and the former Elizabeth Langley Rose.[7] Together, they had one son:
- Charles Sloane Cadogan, 1st Earl Cadogan (1728–1807), who married Frances Bromley, a daughter of Henry Bromley, 1st Baron Montfort. After her death, he married Mary Churchill, a daughter of Col. Charles Churchill and Lady Mary Walpole (a daughter of former Prime Minister Robert Walpole). They divorced in 1796.[8][unreliable source]
Through his marriage to Elizabeth, the 250-acre (1.0 km2) Sloane estate in suburban Chelsea was transferred to the Cadogan family in 1753, which has been the basis of the family wealth ever since.[a] Cadogan became Lord of the Manor of Chelsea.[9]
Lady Cadogan died on 20 May 1768.[10] At his death on 24 September 1776, he was the senior general in the British Army.[3]
References
edit- Notes
- ^ Hans Sloane bought "The Manor of Chelsea" from William Cheyne in 1712 so he could display his great collections at the Manor House (once owned by Henry VIII). The Manor included 11 great houses, a selection of tenements, the advowson of Chelsea Church and 166 acres.[7]
- Sources
- ^ Falkner, James. "Cadogan, William, Earl Cadogan", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 24 May 2008. Retrieved 21 October 2018.
- ^ Watson, J.N.P. Marlborough's Shadow: The Life of the First Earl Cadogan. Leo Cooper, 2003.
- ^ a b c d e f g "CADOGAN, Charles (1685-1776), of Caversham, nr. Reading, Berks". History of Parliament Online. Retrieved 17 March 2013.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Watson p.228
- ^ G.E. Cokayne; with Vicary Gibbs, H.A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, new ed., 13 volumes in 14 (1910-1959; reprint in 6 volumes, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000), volume II, page 461.
- ^ "[Troops of] Horse Guards". Archived from the original on 3 January 2006. Retrieved 27 June 2019.
- ^ a b "Our Heritage". www.cadogan.co.uk. Cadogan Estates, Chelsea, London UK. Retrieved 19 August 2021.
- ^ "Cadogan, Earl (GB, 1800)". www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk. Heraldic Media Limited. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
- ^ O'Neill, Sean (11 April 2002). "Family echoes in Chelsea streets". The Telegraph. Retrieved 19 August 2021.
- ^ "Collections Online | British Museum". www.britishmuseum.org. British Museum. Retrieved 19 August 2021.