The Cedar Rapids and Missouri River Railroad was a railroad chartered to run from Cedar Rapids, Iowa to Council Bluffs, Iowa on the Missouri River. Under lease by the Chicago & North Western Railroad, it was the first railroad to reach Council Bluffs opposite Omaha Nebraska, and the eastern terminus of the First transcontinental railroad.[1] It was one of four railroads that were built as result of the Iowa Land Bill of 1856 that gave land grants for railroads.[2]
Background
editThe Chicago, Iowa and Nebraska Railroad Company was a 'land grant railroad' organized in 1855 in conjunction with the Iowa Land Co. in Clinton, Iowa. As the name indicates, its plan was to build across Iowa and cross the Missouri river but it had only reached Cedar Rapids by 1859 when it ran out of money. It had, however, managed to build a short bridge from the east side of the Mississippi to the Little Rock Island at a place opposite Clinton called "the narrows". This determined the location of the rail connection with Chicago and the eventual location of the Clinton Railroad Bridge. In the meantime the connection was by steam ferry.[3]
The CR&MR railroad was organized on January 16, 1860, and composed largely of stockholders in the CI&N, which had been unable to get beyond Cedar Rapids. Its purpose was to complete the road to the Missouri river at Omaha.[4]
Meanwhile Union Pacific Railroad baron Thomas Clark Durant was manipulating railroad stocks to add to his fortune. "Doc" Durant controlled another of the Iowa land grant railroads, the Mississippi and Missouri Railroad (M&M) and ran up its stock by saying the transcontinental railroad would connect to it. Then while selling high priced M&M stock, he was buying the depressed CR&MR stock. Durant then declared that the CR&MR would be the railroad of choice for the transcontinental connection. After buying back the newly depressed M&M stock, Durant and his cohorts made about $5 million.
The city of Ames, Iowa was created as a station stop on the line. Ames was chartered in 1864 for the railroad and was named by CR&MR President John Blair for Massachusetts Congressman Oakes Ames one of Blair's directors.[5][6]
The Galena and the Chicago North Western take-over
editMeanwhile, the Galena and Chicago Union Railroad was envisioning a grand design for a road from Chicago across the Mississippi River and across Iowa to connect with Durant's Union Pacific in Omaha at Council Bluffs. To do this they needed to get control of Blair's CR&MR as well as the CI&N and the Mississippi railroad bridge. In the spring of 1861 they planted a young civil engineer from Vermont, Isaac B Howe,[7] to assume control of construction on the road. The previous engineer and superintendent, Col. Milo Smith,[8] would soon be leaving to lead the 26th Iowa Infantry Regiment to war against the Confederate rebellion.
In July 1862, the Galena and Chicago Union Railroad leased both Clinton Iowa lines in perpetuity. The Galena line was in turn consolidated with the Chicago and North Western Railway on June 2, 1864, and the line to Council Bluffs was completed in January 1867.[2] The lease was formally turned into a sale in 1884.[9]
References
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- ^ https://ameshistory.org/content/chicago-northwestern-railroad [bare URL]
- ^ a b "Iowa Rail History - Office of Rail Transportation". iowadot.gov.
- ^ https://www.cityoffulton.us/documents/history/67-the-first-railroad-bridge-did-not-go-all-the-way-across/file.html [bare URL]
- ^ "The 1850's – The Birth Of Iowa Railroads". October 2, 2022.
- ^ "Interesting Facts About Ames | City of Ames, IA".
- ^ Ashcroft, John (June 19, 1862). "Ashcroft's railway directory for 1864". library.si.edu.
- ^ https://chicagogenealogy.org/resources/Documents/Quarterly%20Issues/V50N02_2018_CGS%20QTR.pdf#page=24 [bare URL]
- ^ "History of Iowa From the Earliest Times to the Beginning of the Twentieth Century/2/21 - Wikisource, the free online library". en.wikisource.org.
- ^ "Iowa History Special Project". iagenweb.org.