Cao Shunli (simplified Chinese: 曹顺利; traditional Chinese: 曹順利; pinyin: Cáo Shùnlì; 28 March 1961 – 14 March 2014)[1][2][3] was a Chinese lawyer and human rights activist.
Cao Shunli | |
|---|---|
曹顺利 | |
 | |
| Born | 28 March 1961 Beijing, China |
| Died | 14 March 2014 (aged 52) Beijing, China |
| Nationality | Chinese |
| Alma mater | Beijing College of Political Science and Law |
| Occupation(s) | Lawyer, human rights activist |
| Known for | Human rights activism, political prisoner |
| Awards | Cao Shunli Memorial Award for Human Rights Defenders, Martin Ennals Award for Human Rights Defenders finalist |
Early life
editCao was born in Beijing, but during the Cultural Revolution (1966–1971) she was forcibly deported along with her family to their ancestral home in Zhaoyuan, Shandong Province as a result of her grandfather being a member of the "enemy classes" according to Chinese Communist Party doctrine of the time. After attending Beijing College of Political Science and Law and a period of post-graduate study she was assigned to work at the research centre of the Ministry of Labor and Human Resources.[4]
Political activism
editDuring the 2002 housing reforms, Cao reported corruption amongst her supervisors and lost her job.[4] Thereafter she became a human rights activist and subsequently served at least two terms in prison camps as a result of her activities.[5]
Arrest and death
editFollowing a two-month sit-in at the Foreign Affairs Ministry as part of a group demanding a national human rights review,[6] in September 2013 Cao planned to attend a training session on human rights held by the International Service for Human Rights in Geneva. However, she was arrested at Beijing Airport, and disappeared for several weeks.[3] In October 2013 she was charged with illegal assembly and picking quarrels and provoking trouble.[3]
Cao was diagnosed with pneumonia in November 2013, and fell into a coma in February 2014, at which point she was transferred to a military hospital in Beijing.[3] Cao died in hospital on 14 March 2014, with her body showing "signs of her mistreatment during approximately five and half months in detention".[7]
A decade after Cao's death, on 14 March 2024, 14 United Nations experts condemned the inaction by Chinese authorities to investigate into Cao's death.[8]
In 2019, activist Chen Jianfang – a protégée of Cao who had likewise been prevented from attending the training session in Switzerland in 2013, but been released after brief detention – penned an essay to mark the fifth anniversary of Cao's death. Chen was detained by authorities on 20 March 2019 and charged with subversion of state power, having been held incommunicado as of October that year.[9]
Awards
editCao was one of three finalists for the 2014 Martin Ennals Award for Human Rights Defenders[10][11]
The Cao Shunli Memorial Award for Human Rights Defenders, awarded in her name, was founded by Chinese human rights activists. The award ceremony goes every 14th of March in memory of the Cao. Human rights activists also said they will commenmorate every 14th of March as "Human Rights Defenders Day" to mark the day Cao Shunli died.[12]
References
edit- ^ "Submission to UN on Cao Shunli – September 19, 2013". Chinese Human Rights Defenders. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
- ^ "Cao Shunli". Human Rights in China. 18 March 2014. Retrieved 19 March 2014.
- ^ a b c d Richardson, Sophie (14 March 2014). "Dispatches: The Death of a Defender in China". Human Rights Watch. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
- ^ a b Cao, Yaxue (18 March 2014). "The Life and Death of Cao Shunli (1961 — 2014)". Retrieved 19 March 2014.
- ^ "US 'disturbed' by death of Chinese activist Cao Shunli". BBC News. 15 March 2014. Retrieved 19 March 2014.
- ^ Kaiman, Jonathan (14 March 2014). "Chinese activist Cao Shunli dies after being denied medical help, says website". The Guardian. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
- ^ "Cao Shunli's death a huge blow to human rights movement in China". Tibetan Centre for Human Rights and Democracy. 17 March 2014. Archived from the original on 19 March 2014. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
- ^ "China: UN experts renew calls for accountability for Cao Shunli's death". Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
- ^ Editorial Board (23 October 2019). "Opinion: China has arrested yet another activist for speaking up". The Washington Post. Retrieved 30 October 2021.
- ^ "China: Tenth anniversary of the death of Cao Shunli". International Federation for Human Rights. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
- ^ "Martin Ennals Award: 2014 final nominees announced". International Commission of Jurists. 23 April 2014. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
- ^ "Cao Shunli Memorial Award for Human Rights Defenders". 12 March 2016. Retrieved 3 September 2020.