The Lynx was an 8-bit British home computer that was first released in early 1983 as a 48 KB model.[5] Several models were available with 48 KB, 96 KB or 128 KB RAM.[6][7] It was possible to reach 192 KB with RAM expansions on board. John Shireff designed the hardware and Davis Jansons the firmware.[8]
.jpg) Camputers Lynx 48k | |
| Also known as | Leisure, Laureate |
|---|---|
| Manufacturer | Camputers |
| Release date | March 1983[1][2] |
| Introductory price | £225 (48K), £299 (96K), £345 (128K) |
| Discontinued | June 1984[3] |
| Units sold | approximately 30,000 |
| Operating system | BASIC |
| CPU | 4 MHz Z80A, (6 MHz for the 128/192 KB models)[4] |
| Memory | 48,[5] 96, 192 KB RAM |
| Display | 256 x 252, 8 colours |
| Graphics | Motorola 6845 |
| Sound | 6-bit DAC |
| Connectivity | Serial port, Tape (600 to 2100 baud), RGB video output, TV RF out, composite video output, lightpen |
Details
editThe machine was based around a Z80A CPU clocked at 4 MHz (6 MHz for the 128/192 KB models) and featured a Motorola 6845 as video controller. It was possible to run CP/M with the optional 5.25" floppy disk-drive on the 96 KB and 128 KB models.
Unique features of this computer (compared to other home computers at the time) include:
- All numbers were floating point BCD numbers (even line numbers).
- The computer always ran in "high" resolution graphics mode (256x252 pixels in eight colours) using a 6 x 10 pixel font. Only a few bytes of graphic memory could be manipulated during the horizontal sync period[citation needed], and thus graphics were extremely slow compared to most other computers.
- Up to 192 KB of RAM and 20 KB of ROM (16 KB on the smallest model) on a 16-bit address bus was implemented using special hardware. As a consequence, certain RAM areas shadowed by ROM could only be used for data storage and the video memory had a green and alternative green bank that could be switched by a hardware register.
- For sound it had a simple (6-bit) DAC. A comparator was included to serve as an ADC (primarily used for reading from tape drives).
Compared to, for example, the Commodore 64, the BASIC was more extensive and faster and the resolution of the graphics was better;[7] but computer games on the other hand suffered from the special implementation and lack of hardware for sound and sprites.[9]
History
editThe machine was quite advanced for its time. A 48K machine cost £225, a 96K machine £299 and a 128K machine £345. When compared to its competitors, such as the ZX Spectrum and the Oric 1, it was also fairly highly priced. Camputers rebranded and relaunched each machine on several occasions, with the 48K machine renamed the Leisure, and the 128K machine renamed as the Laureate.[10]
The machine had very little software available, and survived only until Camputers ceased trading in June 1984.[3] It is believed that approximately 30,000 Camputers Lynx units were sold worldwide.
Anston Technology took over in November 1984 and a re-launch was planned but never happened. In June 1986, Anston sold everything - hardware, design rights and thousands of cassettes - to the National Lynx User Group. The group planned to produce a Super-Lynx but was too busy supplying spares and technical information to owners of existing models, and the project never came into being.
Reception
editAfter seeing a preview of the Camputers Lynx at the Personal Computer World Show, BYTE in January 1983 stated that it "offers more computing power for the money than any other machine I saw there".[11] Computing Today in June 1983 criticized the manual as "put together in something of a hurry ... confusing" and criticized the computer for not meeting published specifications and having manufacturing defects. It concluded that the Lynx "could be seen as a flawed jewel ... If the less satisfactory aspects can be put to rights, it could prove to be a very popular machine. That, however, could entail some sacrifices."[8]
Video games
editThere are 69 known commercially released game for the Camputers Lynx.[12] Considering applications, demos, operating systems modern homebrew software and others, the library for this machine is around 120 titles.[13]
| Type | Title | Publisher | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Educational | Numerons | Camsoft | 1983 |
| Educational | Spellbound | Smith, G. | 1983 |
| Educational | Numerons | Camsoft | 1983 |
| Educational | Rocketman - A Pair of Number Games for Kids | Bamby Software | 1983 |
| Diskmags | Lynx Revival Group - Volume 1 | Koushappas, John | 1988 |
| Applications | MODER-80 v1.0 | Seven Stars Publishing | 1983 |
| Applications | Copys | - | |
| Applications | Compass v1.1 | Level 9 Computing | 1983 |
| Applications | Hyperbolic Functions | - | |
| Applications | Maths | - | |
| Applications | Programme Chopin | - | |
| Applications | Assembler | - | |
| Applications | Lynx Disassembler v1.1 | Camputers | |
| Applications | 6845p | - | |
| Applications | Lion Text | Lion-Soft | |
| Applications | Music Master | Camsoft | |
| Applications | Aide - Lab-Proc | - | |
| Applications | Generateur Basic | Aussage, C. | 1984 |
| Applications | Programme Chopin | - | |
| Applications | Assembler | - | |
| Applications | Test | - | |
| Applications | Copys | - | |
| Applications | Generateur de Caracteres | - | |
| Applications | Lynx Compose | Kennedy, Mike | 1983 |
| Applications | Character Generator Game | Camputers | 1984 |
| Applications | Sketch Pad | Camputers | 1984 |
| Applications | Disassembler | - | |
| Applications | Inteltab | Sauget, A. | 1984 |
| Demos | SimDisc | Death Todd | |
| Demos | User-Defined Characters | Camputers | 1984 |
| Demos | Dump | Death Todd | 1985 |
| Demos | Screen Dump 2 | Lynx User | 1983 |
| Demos | 128 Graphics Demo | - | |
| Demos | Pattern Box Demo | Camputers | 1984 |
| Demos | Demo 4 | - | |
| Demos | Rising Moon | Lynx User | 1983 |
| Demos | Prelude from Bach's The Well-Tempered Clavier | Camputers | 1984 |
| Demos | Lynx-Trot | - | |
| Demos | User-Defined Characters | Camputers | 1984 |
| Demos | 3D City | - | |
| Demos | Lynx Basic Demonstration | Camputers | 1984 |
| Demos | Enlarge | - | |
| Demos | Forest, The | Lynx User | 1983 |
| Demos | JIK | Death Todd | 1985 |
| Demos | Triangles | Lynx User | 1983 |
| Demos | Lynx-Trot | - | |
| Demos | Demo 3 | - | |
| Demos | Screen Dump 1 | Lynx User | 1983 |
| Demos | Enlarge | - | |
| Demos | 3D Section | Death Todd | 1985 |
| Demos | 3D Secan | Death Todd | 1985 |
| Applications | Lynx JM Utilities Disk v1.0 | Koushappas, John | 1989 |
| Games | Odysee d'Asterix, L' | La Bibliotheque de Cintre | |
| Games | Scrablynx | Sauget, Alain | 1985 |
| Games | Zombie Panic | - | |
| Games | Labyrinthe | Quazar Computing | |
| Games | Muncher | Gordon, Robert | 1983 |
| Games | Snake | Hunt, C. | 1983 |
| Games | Tron Blocker | Sawyer, Stephen | |
| Games | Star Rover | Lynx User | 1983 |
| Games | Dam Busters | Camsoft | 1983 |
| Games | 3D Monster Craze | Camsoft | 1983 |
| Games | Colossal Adventure | Level 9 Computing | 1983 |
| Games | Dam Busters | Camsoft | 1983 |
| Games | Moonfall | Camsoft | 1983 |
| Games | Treasure Island | Higgins, Neil | 1983 |
| Games | Oh Mummy!! | Gem Software | 1983 |
| Games | Dungeon Adventure | Level 9 Computing | 1983 |
| Games | Moonfall | Camsoft | 1983 |
| Games | Floyds Bank | Romik Software | 1983 |
| Games | Snake | Hunt, C. | 1983 |
| Games | Moonfall | Camsoft | 1983 |
| Games | Panik | Judd, M.D. | |
| Games | Diggerman | Gem Software | |
| Games | Play Your Cards Right | - | |
| Games | Battlebrick | - | |
| Games | Twinkle | Gem Software | 1983 |
| Games | Racer | Camsoft | 1983 |
| Games | Reversi | Hunt, C. | 1983 |
| Games | Deathball | Miller, A. | 1983 |
| Games | Gobble de Spook | Camsoft | 1983 |
| Games | Worm, The | Quazar Computing | 1983 |
| Games | Gridtrap | - | |
| Games | Pontoon | Gem Software | 1983 |
| Games | Quest | - | |
| Games | Mined Out | Camsoft | 1983 |
| Games | Backgammon | Camsoft | 1983 |
| Games | Panik | Judd, M.D. | |
| Games | Lynx Hangman | French, Steven B. | 1983 |
| Games | Mastermind | - | |
| Games | Worm, The | Quazar Computing | 1983 |
| Games | Logichess v2.2 | Danielsen, Kaare - Ekner, Hartvig | 1983 |
| Games | Space Trek | Quazar Computing | 1983 |
| Games | Power Blaster | Camsoft | 1983 |
| Games | Mazeman | Abersoft | 1983 |
| Games | Pengo | Play It! | 1984 |
| Games | Centipede | Play It! | |
| Games | Lynx Invaders | Camsoft | 1983 |
| Games | Air Raid | Camputers | 1984 |
| OS | CPM v2.2 | Digital Research | |
| Games | Gempack 4 | Gem Software | 1983 |
| Games | Nuclear Invaders H | Scainet Soft | 2014 |
| Games | Dans la Prison Hantée | Glaize, Sylvain | 2023 |
| Games | Darkness | Possamaï, Christophe | 2023 |
| Games | Planet Explorer | Olipix | 2023 |
| Games | Symbola | StevanR | 2023 |
| Games | Zypsos Odyssey | Heydon, Vincent | 2023 |
References
edit- ^ TOSEC: Camputers Lynx (2012-04-23)
- ^ InfoViews:English Channel, Page 33, 1982-12-27, InfoWorld, A new company called Camputers, for instance, is about to release the Lynx, selling for 225 pounds, including 48K of memory, color display to 512X248 pixels,..
- ^ a b Worlock, Peter. "Storm Breaks Over Camputers". Personal Computer News. Archived from the original on 16 April 2015. Retrieved 14 September 2012.
- ^ Benchtest:The Lynx, By Maggie Burton, PCW, March 1983, Page 136
- ^ a b The Lynx effect: The story of Camputers' mighty micro, 20 Mar 2013, By Tony Smith, The Register
- ^ "Camputers Lynx 96 - Computer - Computing History". www.computinghistory.org.uk. Retrieved 2023-03-27.
- ^ a b "LYNX Camputers". www.old-computers.com. Retrieved 2023-03-27.
- ^ a b Thomasson, Don. "Review: Camputers Lynx". Computing Today. Retrieved 13 November 2012.
- ^ "Listing of all Camputers Lynx games". The Video Games Museum. Retrieved 2023-05-23.
- ^ Worlock, Peter. "Camputers Lynx Relaunch". Personal Computer News. Archived from the original on 25 September 2013. Retrieved 14 September 2012.
- ^ Williams, Gregg (January 1983). "Microcomputer, British Style / The Fifth Personal Computer World Show". BYTE. p. 40. Retrieved 19 October 2013.
- ^ Gaming History
- ^ "Camputers Lynx TOSEC". 2012.