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Camp Funston is a U.S. Army training camp located on the grounds of Fort Riley, southwest of Manhattan, Kansas. The camp was named for Brigadier General Frederick Funston (1865–1917). It is one of sixteen such camps that were established at the outbreak of World War I for use as infantry division training camps.
History
editWorld War I
editConstruction began during the summer of 1917 and eventually encompassed approximately 1,400 buildings on 2,000 acres (8.1 km2). The Camp Funston garrison was administered by the 164th Depot Brigade, commanders of which included George King Hunter.[1] Depot brigades were responsible for receiving, housing, equipping, and training enlistees and draftees, and for demobilizing them after the war.[2]
During World War I, two divisions commanded by Major General Leonard Wood, totaling nearly 50,000 recruits, trained at Camp Funston. Notable units who received training at Camp Funston include the 89th Division, which was deployed to France in the spring of 1918, the 10th Division and black soldiers assigned to the 92nd Division.
During World War I, Camp Funston also served as a detention camp for conscientious objectors (COs) many of which were Mennonite in faith. Since it was compulsory, Hutterites sent their young men to military camps, but they did not allow them to obey any military commands or wear a uniform.
In March 1918, some of the first recorded American cases of what came to be the worldwide influenza pandemic, also known as "Spanish flu", were reported at Camp Funston.[3]
In July 1921, Camp Funston was abandoned. The Army salvaged most frame buildings, except those intended for the cavalry, and preserved the heating plant and waterworks for potential future emergencies. In December 1922, the Army sold the remaining barracks at the camp.[4]
Correctional camp
editPrior to October 1992, Camp Funston was the home of the United States Army Correctional Activity, formerly the U.S. Army Retraining Brigade, whose mission was officially to prepare military prisoners for transition to civilian life as useful citizens with general discharges or, in a few select cases, for return to duty. The Correctional Brigade environment was unique in that prisoner control was maintained by military discipline, instead of walls and bars, for most of the typical prisoners’ stay. The Correctional Brigade doctrine was that the minimum-custody/military discipline environment when coupled with correctional treatment, educational programs, and military and vocational training best prepared the typical first-time prisoner for a crime-free life after prison as either a productive soldier or a useful citizen in civilian life. Moreover, this correctional system was asserted to be less expensive to establish and operate than the traditional prison. The camp had a cinema that was open to the residents of Fort Riley, including those outside of Camp Funston.[5]
Modern use
editCamp Funston was the location where the training of all military transition teams for service in Iraq and Afghanistan takes place. Previously, transition teams had been trained at several U.S. Army installations, most notably Fort Carson, Colorado; Camp Atterbury, Indiana; Fort Hood, Texas; and Camp Shelby, Mississippi. However, in early 2006, the U.S. Army decided to consolidate all training at Fort Riley, Kansas, in order to standardize and improve training for that critical mission.[citation needed]
The first teams began training on June 1, 2006. The 1st Brigade, 1st Infantry Division took over command and control of the TT mission in October 2006. The brigade is responsible for the formation and training of the TT teams. This mission shifted to Fort Polk, Louisiana later in 2009.
References
edit- ^ Davis, Henry Blaine Jr. (1998). Generals in Khaki. Raleigh, NC: Pentland Press. p. 192. ISBN 978-1-5719-7088-6. D507.D281998.
- ^ Wilson, John B. (1998). Center of Military History Publication No. 60-14-1—Maneuver and Firepower: The Evolution of Divisions and Separate Brigades (Army Lineage Series ed.). Wash., DC: U.S. Dept. of the Army.
- ^ Barry, John M. The Great Influenza. New York: Penguin Publishing Inc. 2004.
- ^ "Manhattan/Riley County, 1921-1930". Riley County Official Website. Retrieved December 2, 2024.
- ^ "U S (UNITED STATES) ARMY RETRAINING BRIGADE - FORT RILEY KANSAS (FROM TENTH ANNUAL INTERAGENCY WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS, 1975 - SEE NCJ-46564) | Office of Justice Programs". www.ojp.gov.
Further reading
edit- Triplet, William S. (2000). Ferrell, Robert H. (ed.). A Youth in the Meuse-Argonne. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press. pp. 4, 18–19, 267. ISBN 0-8262-1290-5. LCCN 00029921. OCLC 43707198.
External links
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