Cales (river)

Cales or Kales (Ancient Greek: Κάλης), also Calles or Kalles (Κάλλης), was a river of ancient Bithynia. At its mouth was the town of Cales, located 120 stadia east of Elaeus.^[1]^[2] This seems to be the river which Thucydides calls Calex (Κάληξ), at the mouth of which Lamachus lost his ships, which were anchored there, owing to a sudden rise of the river.^[3] Thucydides places the Calex in the Heracleotis, which agrees very well with the position of the Cales. Lamachus and his troops were compelled to walk along the coast to Chalcedon.^[3] Pliny the Elder mentions a river Alces in Bithynia, which it has been conjectured, may be a corruption of Calex.^[4]

It is identified with the modern Alaplı Su in Asiatic Turkey.^[5]

References

^ Arrian. Periplus Ponti Euxini. Vol. p. 14.
^ Marcian of Heraclea, p. 70.
^ ^a ^b Thucydides. History of the Peloponnesian War. Vol. 4.75.
^ Pliny. Naturalis Historia. Vol. 5.32.
^ Richard Talbert, ed. (2000). Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World. Princeton University Press. p. 86, and directory notes accompanying. ISBN 978-0-691-03169-9.

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1854–1857). "Cales". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray.