Caladenia ovata, commonly known as the Kangaroo Island spider orchid, is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to South Australia. It is a ground orchid with a single hairy leaf and one or two red flowers, sometimes with yellow patches. It is only found on Kangaroo Island and nearby Fleurieu Peninsula.
| Kangaroo Island spider orchid | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Orchidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Orchidoideae |
| Tribe: | Diurideae |
| Genus: | Caladenia |
| Species: | C. ovata
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| Binomial name | |
| Caladenia ovata | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
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Description
editCaladenia ovata is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single, very hairy linear leaf, 50–80 mm (2–3 in) long and 5–8 mm (0.2–0.3 in) wide. One or two red or yellow and red flowers are borne on a spike 100–300 mm (4–10 in) tall. The sepals have fine, club-like glandular tips. The dorsal sepal is 20–25 mm (0.8–1 in) long, about 1.5 mm (0.06 in) wide, turned backwards near it base, then erect or curving forwards. The lateral sepals are 30–35 mm (1.2–1.4 in) long, about 1 mm (0.04 in) wide and spread widely and horizontally near their bases, then turn upwards. The petals are 20–25 mm (0.8–1 in) long, about 2.5 mm (0.1 in) wide and also spread upwards. The labellum is 9–11 mm (0.35–0.43 in) long, 6–7 mm (0.2–0.3 in) wide and red or yellow and red with dark red lines. The sides of the labellum lack teeth and the tip is rolled under. There are four rows of widely spaced calli along the mid-line of the labellum. Flowering occurs from September to November but rarely occurs except after fire.[2][3][4]
Taxonomy and naming
editCaladenia ovata was first formally described in 1909 by Richard Rogers and the description was published in Transactions, proceedings and report, Royal Society of South Australia.[1][5] The specific epithet (ovata) is a Latin word meaning "egg-shaped".[6]
Distribution and habitat
editKangaroo Island spider orchid occurs on Kangaroo Island and the Fleurieu Peninsula where it grows singly or in small clumps in thick scrub, often in association with Eucalyptus viminalis.[2][3][7]
Conservation
editCaladenia ovata is classified as "vulnerable" under the Commonwealth Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC) Act and as "Endangered" under the South Australian National Parks and Wildlife Act.[7] The main threats are weed invasion, habitat degradation and unsuitable fire regimes.[4]
References
edit- ^ a b c "Caladenia ovata". APNI. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
- ^ a b Jones, David L. (2006). A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: New Holland. p. 86. ISBN 1877069124.
- ^ a b "Caladenia ovata". State Herbarium of South Australia. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
- ^ a b "Caladenia ovata" (PDF). Government of South Australia Department for Environment and Heritage. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
- ^ Rogers, Richard Sanders (1909). "Notes on the orchids of Kangaroo Island together with a description of two new species". Transactions, Proceedings and Report, Royal Society of South Australia. 33: 16. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
- ^ Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 296.
- ^ a b "Background Paper: Nationally Threatened Plant Species on Kangaroo Island Recovery Action Plan" (PDF). Australian Government Department of the Environment. Retrieved 27 February 2017.