Body adiposity index

The body adiposity index (BAI) is a method of estimating the amount of body fat in humans. The BAI is calculated without using body weight, unlike the body mass index (BMI). Instead, it uses the size of the hips compared to the person's height.

Based on population studies, the BAI is approximately equal to the percentage of body fat for adult men and women of differing ethnicities.^[1]

Formula

The BAI is calculated as:^[2]

${\frac {100\times {\text{hip circumference in m}}}{{\text{height in m}}\times {\sqrt {\text{height}}}}}-18$

Hip circumference (Pearson correlation coefficient, R = 0.602) and height (R = −0.524) are strongly correlated with percentage of body fat. Comparing BAI with "gold standard" dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) results, the correlation between DXA-derived percentage of adiposity and the BAI in a target population was R = 0.85, with a concordance of C_b = 0.95.^[3]

Uses

The BAI could be a good tool to measure adiposity due, at least in part, to the advantages over other more complex mechanical or electrical systems. Probably, the most important advantage of BAI over BMI is that weight is not needed. However, in general it seems that the BAI does not overcome the limitations of BMI.^[4]

Stated advantages of the BAI are that it approximates body fat percentage, while the widely used BMI is known to be of limited accuracy, and is different for males and females with similar percentage body adiposity; and that it does not involve weighing, so can be used in remote locations with limited access to scales. A detailed study published in 2012 concluded that estimates of body fat percentage based on BAI were not more accurate than those based on BMI, waist circumference, or hip circumference.^[5]

Adiposity indexes that include the waist circumference (for example waist-to-height ratio WHtR) may be better than BAI and BMI in evaluating metabolic and cardiovascular risk in both clinical practice and research.^[6]

References

^ Bergman, Richard N.; Stefanovski, D.; Buchanan, T. A.; Sumner, A. E.; Reynolds, J. C.; Sebring, N. G.; Xiang, A. H.; Watanabe, R. M. (2012). "A Better Index of Body Adiposity". Obesity. 20 (6). Obesity - A Research Journal: 1083–1089. doi:10.1038/oby.2012.99. PMC 3275633. PMID 21372804.
^ "New Method of Calculating Body Fat Unlikely to Replace BMI". Archived from the original on 2011-09-07. Retrieved 2011-03-08.
^ Is the new BAI better than the old BMI?
^ López AA, Cespedes ML, Vicente T, Tomas M, Bennasar-Veny M, et al. (2012) Body Adiposity Index Utilization in a Spanish Mediterranean Population: Comparison with the Body Mass Index" PLoS ONE 7(4): e35281
^ Freedman DS, Thornton JC, Pi-Sunyer FX, Heymsfield SB, Wang J, Pierson RN Jr, Blanck HM, Gallagher D (2012). "The body adiposity index (hip circumference ÷ height(1.5)) is not a more accurate measure of adiposity than is BMI, waist circumference, or hip circumference". Obesity (Silver Spring). 20 (12): 2438–44. doi:10.1038/oby.2012.81. PMC 3477292. PMID 22484365.
^ Bennasar-Veny M, Lopez-Gonzalez AA, Tauler P, Cespedes ML, Vicente-Herrero T, et al. (2013). "Body Adiposity Index and Cardiovascular Health Risk Factors in Caucasians: A Comparison with the Body Mass Index and Others". PLOS ONE. 8 (5): e63999. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...863999B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0063999. PMC 3667028. PMID 23734182.

External links

[1] Bergman, Richard N.; Stefanovski, D.; Buchanan, T. A.; Sumner, A. E.; Reynolds, J. C.; Sebring, N. G.; Xiang, A. H.; Watanabe, R. M. (2012). "A Better Index of Body Adiposity". Obesity. 20 (6). Obesity - A Research Journal: 1083–1089. doi:10.1038/oby.2012.99. PMC 3275633. PMID 21372804.

[2] "New Method of Calculating Body Fat Unlikely to Replace BMI". Archived from the original on 2011-09-07. Retrieved 2011-03-08.

[3] Is the new BAI better than the old BMI?

[4] López AA, Cespedes ML, Vicente T, Tomas M, Bennasar-Veny M, et al. (2012) Body Adiposity Index Utilization in a Spanish Mediterranean Population: Comparison with the Body Mass Index" PLoS ONE 7(4): e35281

[5] Freedman DS, Thornton JC, Pi-Sunyer FX, Heymsfield SB, Wang J, Pierson RN Jr, Blanck HM, Gallagher D (2012). "The body adiposity index (hip circumference ÷ height(1.5)) is not a more accurate measure of adiposity than is BMI, waist circumference, or hip circumference". Obesity (Silver Spring). 20 (12): 2438–44. doi:10.1038/oby.2012.81. PMC 3477292. PMID 22484365.

[6] Bennasar-Veny M, Lopez-Gonzalez AA, Tauler P, Cespedes ML, Vicente-Herrero T, et al. (2013). "Body Adiposity Index and Cardiovascular Health Risk Factors in Caucasians: A Comparison with the Body Mass Index and Others". PLOS ONE. 8 (5): e63999. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...863999B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0063999. PMC 3667028. PMID 23734182.

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