Bloemfontein City Commando

Bloemfontein City Commando
Bloemfontein City Commando
	Bloemfontein City Commando emblem
Founded	March 8, 1848 (176 years ago)
Disbanded	March 14, 2003 (21 years ago)
Country	South Africa
Allegiance	Orange River Sovereignty; Orange Free State Republic; Union of South Africa; Republic of South Africa; Republic of South Africa;
Branch	South African Army; South African Army;
Type	Infantry
Role	Light Infantry
Size	One Battalion
Part of	South African Infantry Corps; Army Territorial Reserve, Group 35
Garrison/HQ	Bloemfontein
Motto(s)	Floreat (Flourish)

Bloemfontein City Commando was a light infantry regiment of the South African Army. It formed part of the South African Infantry Corps as well as the South African Territorial Reserve.

History

Origin

With the Orange River Sovereignty

On 8 March 1848 (1848-03-08), Sir Harry Smith issued a proclamation to activate a militia for the Sovereignty. From this, three military districts, namely Bloemfontein, Caledon River and Winburg, were formed.

With the Orange Free State Republic

With the departure of the British and proclamation of the Republic in 1854, the commandos were retained and regular shooting exercises were held in the districts.

Basotho Wars

Andries Pretorius called up a commando of about 1000 men from the regions of Bloemfontein, Caledon River and Winburg to defend the region against Basotho cattle theft.

Anglo Boer War

The commando was involved in the siege of Kimberley with an operation near Belmont on 23 November 1899 (1899-11-23).

During the guerilla phase of the war, the commando raided its own city's infrastructure under British control, namely Bloemfontein's water works.^[1]^[2]^[3]

The commando finally laid down its arms at Brandfort on 16 June 1902 (1902-06-16).

With the UDF

From 1902, all remnants of commandos had been placed under British military control and disarmed. By 1912 the commando existed solely as Shooting Association.

By 1940, this commando fell under the National Reserve of Volunteers.

The commando was reactivated formally around 1948.

By 1956 however, the unit was divided into two separate commandos one for the city and one for the rural areas, Bloemfontein District Commando.^[4]^{[title missing]}

UDF era National Reserve of Volunteers shoulder tab

With the SADF

From 1968, the unit was being used in assisting urban policing.

By 1978, Bloemfontein City Commando had a platoon mainly made up of colored employees of the Musgrave weapons factory and by 1980 had a complement of around 30 men led by a white officer.^[5]

The unit was also used in the training of drivers for heavy trucks as well as securing the Lesotho border.

The unit conducted several tours in the South West African operational area around 1976 to 1982, but was mainly responsible for internal security and protection especially during the unrest in the 1980s.

The unit fell under the command of the SADF's Group 35.

With the SANDF

From 1994, the unit trained approximately 3000 coloured and black soldiers for the new Defence Force.

In 1998, the unit celebrated its 150th anniversary with a Colours parade at Tempe Stadium.

Disbandment

This unit, along with all other Commando units was disbanded after a decision by South African President Thabo Mbeki to disband all Commando Units.^[6]^[7] The Commando system was phased out between 2003 and 2008 "because of the role it played in the apartheid era", according to the Minister of Safety and Security Charles Nqakula.^[8]

Unit Insignia

SADF era Bloemfontein City Commando insignia

Leadership

Leadership
From	Honorary Colonels	To
From	Commanding Officer	To
1865	Commandant Louis Wessels	nd
1899	Commandant Piet Fourie	nd
1974	Lt Colonel Herman Lotter	1999
1999	Lt Colonel Paul Kruger	2005
From	Regimental Sergeant Major	To

References

^ Pakenham, T. (1986). "New History of South Africa". In Cameron, T.; Spies, S.B. (eds.). The second Anglo Boer War, 1899-1902. pp. 204–205.
^ Nasson, Bill (2011). The War for South Africa: The Anglo–Boer War (1899–1902). ISBN 978-0349104669.
^ Pakenham, Thomas (1979). The Boer War. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-394-42742-4.
^ Strauss, A. (January 2005). Journal of Contemporary History (3). {{cite journal}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
^ "Musgrave Rifles". musgraverifles.co.za.
^ Col L B van Stade, Senior Staff Officer Rationalisation, SANDF (1997). "Rationalisation in the SANDF: The Next Challenge". Institute for Security Studies. Archived from the original on 16 March 2016. Retrieved 5 March 2015.
^ "About the Commando system". Archived from the original on 6 December 2007. Retrieved 17 January 2008.
^ de Lange, Deon. "South Africa: Commandos Were 'Hostile to New SA'". Cape Argus. Retrieved 5 March 2015.

[1] Pakenham, T. (1986). "New History of South Africa". In Cameron, T.; Spies, S.B. (eds.). The second Anglo Boer War, 1899-1902. pp. 204–205.

[2] Nasson, Bill (2011). The War for South Africa: The Anglo–Boer War (1899–1902). ISBN 978-0349104669.

[3] Pakenham, Thomas (1979). The Boer War. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-394-42742-4.

[4] Strauss, A. (January 2005). Journal of Contemporary History (3). {{cite journal}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

[5] "Musgrave Rifles". musgraverifles.co.za.

[6] Col L B van Stade, Senior Staff Officer Rationalisation, SANDF (1997). "Rationalisation in the SANDF: The Next Challenge". Institute for Security Studies. Archived from the original on 16 March 2016. Retrieved 5 March 2015.

[7] "About the Commando system". Archived from the original on 6 December 2007. Retrieved 17 January 2008.

[8] Lange, Deon. "South Africa: Commandos Were 'Hostile to New SA'". Cape Argus. Retrieved 5 March 2015.

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