Black October may refer to:
- The October 1993 attack by the Yeltsin administration on pro-Soviet mass demonstrations, leading to the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis.
- The riots that took place October 1988, in Algeria
- The October Crisis, a 1970 kidnapping/terrorism crisis in Canada
- Black October (film), a 2000 film about the October Crisis
- Black October (album), 2006 Sadat X album
- "Octubre negro", unrest in Bolivia in October 2003 during the Bolivian gas conflict
- October 2008, the peak of the 2007–2008 financial crisis
- 2013 New South Wales bushfires in Australia