Biao Min, or Biao-Jiao Mien, is a Hmong–Mien language of China. The two varieties, Biao Min and Jiaogong Mian, are evidently not mutually intelligible.
| Biao Min | |
|---|---|
| Biao-Jiao Mien | |
| Native to | China |
Native speakers | (43,000 cited 1995)[1] |
Hmong–Mien
| |
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | bje |
| Glottolog | biao1254 |
Distribution
editEthnologue reports the Biao Min language to be spoken in the following counties in China.
- Northeastern Guangxi: Quanzhou County, Guanyang County, and Gongcheng County
- Southern Hunan: Shuangpai County and Dao County
Dialects
editDialects of Biao Min are as follows, according to Mao Zongwu (2004). Only the Biao Min varieties of Dongshan Yao Ethnic Township, Quanzhou County (全州县东山瑶族乡) and Sanjiang Township, Gongcheng County (恭城县三江乡) have been described in any detail.
- Dongshan 东山 dialect: 35,000 speakers in Shuanglong, Huanglong village, Dongshan township, Quanzhou County (全州县东山乡黄龙村双龙屯); autonym: bjau31 min31.
- Shikou 石口 dialect: 8,000 speakers in Shikou village, Sanjiang township, Gongcheng County (恭城县三江乡石口村); autonym: mɔu31 jɔu55. Also known as Chao Kong Meng (Chinese: 交公勉语)[2] or Moruo (Chinese: 莫若) (Mao 2004:306).
- Niuweizhai 牛尾寨 dialect: 2,000 speakers in Niuwei village, Sanjiang township, Gongcheng County (恭城县三江乡牛尾村); autonym: mɔ433 ɕi53. Also known as Moxi (Chinese: 莫西瑶语).[3] Yoshihisa Taguchi (2005)[4] gives the autonym mo2 xi2 mũ2, and points out the contact relationships between it and Jiaogong Mien 交公勉 (Shikou). Taguchi (2005) reports that within Sanjiang Township 三江乡, it is spoken in the villages of Dalitian 大栗田村, Xiaolitian 小栗田村, and Niuwei 牛尾村.[4]
Strecker (1987) uses "Chao Kong Meng" for Shikou, and "Moxi" for Niuweizhai.[5]
Word lists for Biao Min dialects can be found in Mao Zongwu (2004).
Quanzhou County
editBiao Min of Quanzhou County, Guangxi consists of the following five dialect areas (Quanzhou County Gazetteer 全州县志).[6][7]
- Qingshui 清水, Zhuwu 竹坞, Shangtang 上塘, Xiaoheping 小和平, Huangladong 黄腊洞, Huanglong 黄龙, Leigongyan 雷公岩
- Baizhu 白竹, Jingrong 锦荣, Daping 大坪
- Bailing 白岭, Liuzijie 六字介, Shijianping 石枧坪
- Gumu 古木
- Xieshui 斜水
Xieshui 斜水 is the most divergent dialect, and is unintelligible with the other four dialects. The Xieshui dialect also has more Chinese influence than the other Biao Min dialects do.[6]
Guanyang County
editBiao Min of Guanyang County, Guangxi consists of the following two dialect areas (Guanyang County Gazetteer 灌阳县志).[8]
- Dialect area 1
- Hongqi Township 红旗乡: Wenhua 文化, Xiufeng 秀凤, Shangwang 上王, Helong 鹤龙
- Xinyu Township 新圩乡: Hongshuiqing 洪水箐, Guiyang 贵阳
- Shuiche Township 水车乡: Shangpao 上泡, Xiapao 下泡, Dongliu 东流, Hecheng 合成, Sanhuang 三皇, Xiumu 修睦
- Dialect area 2
- Jiangtang, Shuiche 水车乡江塘; Baizhuping, Wenshi 文市镇白竹坪
The Jiangtang and Baizhuping dialects of Biao Min are documented in Hsiu (2017).[9][10][11]
See also
edit- Biao Min (Shikou) word list (Wiktionary)
Notes
edit- ^ Biao Min at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ "Chao Kong Meng". Numeral Systems of the World's Languages. Archived from the original on 2011-05-12. Retrieved 2012-09-26.
- ^ "Moxi". Numeral Systems of the World's Languages. Archived from the original on 2011-05-12. Retrieved 2012-09-26.
- ^ a b Taguchi, Yoshihisa 田口善久 (2005). "Sānjiāng Shĭmén Miănyŭ de yīnyùn tèdiăn" 三江史门勉语的音韵特点 [Phonological Characteristics of Sanjiang Shimen Mian Language]. Mínzú yǔwén 民族语文. 2005 (2): 7–14. Archived from the original on 2017-12-25.
- ^ Strecker, David (1987). "The Hmong-Mien Languages" (PDF). Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area. 10 (2): 1–11. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-06-16.
- ^ a b "Dì sān jié tǔyǔ" 第三节 土语 [Section 3. Native Language]. gxdqw.com (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2012-11-23.
- ^ "Quán zhōu zhì > dì èrshíjiǔ juǎn yáozú" 全州志 > 第二十九卷 瑶族 [Quanzhou Chronicles > Volume 29 Yao Nationality]. qz0773.com (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2019-01-29.
- ^ "Dì yī jié yǔyán" 第一节 语言 [Section 1. Language]. gxdqw.com (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2013-01-25. Retrieved 2012-11-23.
- ^ Hsiu, Andrew (2017). "Biao Min (Baizhuping) Audio Word List". Zenodo. doi:10.5281/zenodo.1123261.
- ^ Hsiu, Andrew (2017). "Biao Min (Jiangtang) Audio Word List". Zenodo. doi:10.5281/zenodo.1123263.
- ^ "Biao Min (Guanyang)". Archived from the original on 2020-10-09. Retrieved 2017-12-30.
References
edit- Mao, Zongwu 毛宗武 (2004). Yáozú Miǎnyǔ fāngyán yánjiū 瑤族勉语方言研究 [A Study of Mien Dialects] (in Chinese). Beijing: Minzu chubanshe.
- Solnit, David B. (1996). "Some Evidence from Biao Min on the Initials of Proto-Mienic (Yao) and Proto-Hmong-Mien (Miao-Yao)" (PDF). Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area. 19 (1): 1–18.