Bernat Boïl (also spelled Boil, Boyl or Boyal) was a Catalan monk or friar, known as Fray Buil, who accompanied Christopher Columbus on his second voyage across the Atlantic. On January 6, 1494 Buil conducted the first mass held in the New World, in a temporary church on La Isabela.[1] There is unclear evidence about his affiliation to a religious order. He left the Indies after disagreements with Columbus, and his mission work came to little.
Identification
editAccording to Stephen M. Donovan writing in the Catholic Encyclopedia, the accounts given of Buil are confused by a misidentification. He asserts that Bernardo Boil, a Franciscan, was a different person from a Bernardo Boyl, who was a Benedictine. It was to the former, according to Donovan, that Pope Alexander VI addressed his Bull dated 25 June 1493, appointing him first vicar Apostolic of the New World. The latter, on the other hand, became first vicar Apostolic of the New World. Ferdinand II had employed Boyl, the Benedictine, in diplomatic negotiations and had sought his appointment as vicar Apostolic in America. Citing researches of the historian Roselly, Donovan concludes that Ferdinand deliberately misidentified the intended recipient of the bull, and that Bernardo Boil, the Franciscan, did not leave Spain.
On the other hand, Livarus Oliger, also writing in the Catholic Encyclopedia, states that Buil was a Minim, citing research of Fita for the view that the bull of Alexander had a clerical error in the phrase ordinis Minorum which would indicate that Buil was a Franciscan.[2]
Voyage
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The 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica states that twelve missionaries accompanied the second Columbus expedition of 1493, under the orders of Bernardo Buil, a Benedictine.[3] On January 6, 1494 Buil conducted the first mass held in the New World, in a temporary church on La Isabela.[4] James Reston, who calls him a Benedictine monk, says that Buil took a hard line against the Taíno leader Guacanagaríx, arguing for his execution.[5] Later Buil returned from the Indies, and was one of those accusing Columbus of harshness and inconsistency. He resumed work as a diplomat.
An account of Buil and the Benedictine mission was later written by a Benedictine abbot, Caspar Plautius (Kaspar Plautz) of Seitenstetten Abbey in Austria. A fanciful work with fictional parts and fantastic illustrations, it was published as Nova typis transacta navigatio novi orbis Indiæ occidentalis at Linz in 1621. Plautius used the pseudonym Honorius Philoponus, dedicating the work to himself.[6]
Notes
edit- ^ "First Mass in the New World - 1201-1500 Church History Timeline". Christianhistorytimeline.com. Retrieved 2013-12-08.
- ^ s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Minimi
- ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 743.
- ^ "First Mass in the New World - 1201-1500 Church History Timeline". Christianhistorytimeline.com. Retrieved 2013-12-08.
- ^ James Reston, Jr., Dogs of God: Columbus, the Inquisition and the Defeat of the Moors (2006), p. 328.
- ^ "La Mer". Expositions.bnf.fr. Retrieved 2013-12-08.
References
edit- Attribution
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Bernardo Buil". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. The entry cites:
- F. Fita, Fray Bernal Buyl o el primer apóstol del Nuevo mundo (Madrid 1884)
Further reading
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- B. T. F. Poole, Case Reopened: An Enquiry into the 'Defection' of Fray Bernal Boyl and Mosen Pedro Margarit, Journal of Latin American Studies, Vol. 6, No. 2 (Nov., 1974), pp. 193–210