"Believe women" is an American political slogan arising out of the #MeToo movement.[1] It refers to accepting women's allegations of sexual harassment or sexual assault at face value. The phrase grew in popularity in response to the Brett Kavanaugh Supreme Court nomination.
Jude Doyle, writing for Elle, argues that the phrase means "don't assume women as a gender are especially deceptive or vindictive, and recognize that false allegations are less common than real ones."[1]
Criticisms and "Believe all women"
editIn 2017, Megan McArdle urged readers in an opinion column in Bloomberg to "Consider the consequences of #BelieveAllWomen", outlining cases in which sexual assault allegations later turned out to be fraudulent. [2]
Rebecca Traister, writing for The Cut, calls the phrase "compelling but flawed": it is often recast as "believe all women", and used as a "deeply problematic" and "clumsy imperative" that has "enfeebled the far more important argument that we should encourage them to speak more, and listen to them more seriously when they talk".[3]
"Believe all women" is a controversial alternative phrasing of the expression. Monica Hesse writing for The Washington Post argues that the slogan has always been "believe women", and that the "believe all women" variant is "a bit of grammatical gaslighting", a straw man invented by critics so that it could be attacked, and that this alternative slogan, in contrast with "believe women", "is rigid, sweeping, and leaves little room for nuance".[4] However, Robby Soave writing for Reason disagreed with this interpretation, arguing that "#MeToo advocates demanded a presumption of belief for every individual who claims to be a sexual misconduct victim: i.e., believe all women", noting that Susan Faludi of The New York Times admitted to having "encountered some feminists who seemed genuinely to subscribe to the more extreme interpretation of the hashtag."[5]
Joe Biden sexual assault allegation
editIn April 2020, a number of politicians and commentators discussed the Joe Biden sexual assault allegation in relation to the "Believe women" slogan. Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez criticized what she regarded as a lack of integrity relating to the issue: "If we again want to have integrity, you can't say, you know — both believe women, support all of this, until it inconveniences you, until it inconveniences us."[6] The National Review criticized what it considered to be Biden's hypocrisy in "his demand that Americans must believe women as a matter of unwavering reflex" during the Kavanaugh nomination. The editors said, "we hope that this incident has taught Biden that his previous approach toward accusations of sexual assault was dangerous, illiberal, and ultimately untenable."[7] On the other hand, Senator Kirsten Gillibrand stood by Biden and remarked, "When we say 'believe women,' it's for this explicit intention of making sure there's space for all women to come forward to speak their truth, to be heard. And in this allegation, that is what Tara Reade has done."[8]
Effects
editAccording to The Atlantic, the adoption of a rule in Britain according to which law enforcement should believe reports of sexual assault and consider complainants to be victims led to improper police investigation of claims and the overlooking of contradicting evidence, resulting in the collapse of prosecutions and false accusations against the accused.[9][10]
Use in media
editOn September 28, 2018, the dating app Bumble took out a full-page advertisement in The New York Times saying simply, "Believe women".[11]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b Doyle, Jude (30 November 2017). "Despite What You May Have Heard, "Believe Women" Has Never Meant "Ignore Facts"". Elle. Archived from the original on 2018-07-10. Retrieved 1 October 2018.
- ^ McArdle, Megan (15 December 2017). "Consider the Consequences of #BelieveAllWomen". Bloomberg.com. Bloomberg.
- ^ Traister, Rebecca (26 February 2020). "'You Believe He's Lying?' The latest debate captured Americans' exhausting tendency to mistrust women". The Cut. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
- ^ Hesse, Monica (12 May 2020). "'Believe Women' was a slogan. 'Believe All Women' is a strawman". The Washington Post. Retrieved 12 May 2020.
- ^ Soave, Robby (19 May 2020). "Feminists Who Now Claim They Never Meant 'Believe All Women' Are Gaslighting Us". Reason. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
- ^ Watson, Eleanor; Erickson, Bo. "Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez: "It's legitimate to talk about" allegations against Joe Biden". CBS News. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
- ^ "The Hypocrisy on Tara Reade Is a National Disgrace". National Review. 27 April 2020. Retrieved 30 April 2020.
- ^ Khalid, Asma (29 April 2020). "New Information Emerges Around Biden Sexual Assault Allegation". NPR. Retrieved 30 April 2020.
- ^ Yoffe, Emily (3 October 2018). "The Problem With #BelieveSurvivors". The Atlantic. Retrieved December 31, 2020.
- ^ Evans, Martin (20 December 2017). "Police should refer to complainants and not 'victims' when investigating rape cases, senior legal figures suggest". The Telegraph. Retrieved December 31, 2020.
- ^ Gstalter, Morgan (28 September 2018). "Dating app Bumble publishes full-page ad in NY Times: 'Believe Women'". The Hill. Archived from the original on 2018-10-01. Retrieved 1 October 2018.