The Battle of Sirhind was fought between Durrani Empire and Sikh Misls on 14 January 1764.[11][12]
| Battle of Sirhind | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Indian Campaign of Ahmad Shah Durrani | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||||
 Sikh Misls |
 Durrani Empire | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
 [5] | |||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
|
23,000 According to Surjit Singh Gandhi[6] 40,000 According to Joseph Davey Cunningham[7] 50,000 According to Giani Gian Singh[8] | Unknown believed to be smaller[9] | ||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
| Unknown |
10,000 horsemen killed.[10] | ||||||||
Battle
editAhmad Shah Durrani returned to Afghanistan after appointing Zain Khan Sirhindi as the governor of Sirhind. Zain Khan Sirhindi, the Durrani governor, was attacked by a well-equipped force of 40,000 Sikhs. In the battle, the Sikhs killed Sirhindi and many other leading officers of the Durrani army. The Sikhs then established their rule between the rivers Satluj and Yamuna.[5] The Sikhs captured Sirhind and later handed over the land to Maharaja Ala Singh of Patiala State.[13][14] The city's inhabitants faced particularly harsh treatment from the Sikh armies who razed much of the city and made a deliberate policy of destroying the city's buildings and mosques.[15][16][17]
References
edit- ^ Lansford, Tom (2017-02-16). Afghanistan at War: From the 18th-Century Durrani Dynasty to the 21st Century. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9781598847604.
- ^ Bhagata, Siṅgha (1993). A History of the Sikh Misals. Publication Bureau, Punjabi University. p. 181.
...
- ^ Syad Muhammad Latif (1984), History of the Panjab from the Remotest Antiquity to the Present Time, Progressive Books, p. 285
- ^ Singha, H.S (2000). The encyclopedia of Sikhism. Hemkunt Publishers. p. 11. ISBN 9788170103011. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
- ^ a b Ganḍā, Singh (1959). Ahmad Shah Durrani: Father of Modern Afghanistan. Asia Pub. House. p. 285. ISBN 978-1-4021-7278-6. Retrieved 2010-08-25.
- ^ Surjit Singh Gandhi (1999). Sikhs In The Eighteenth Century. Singh Bros. p. 398. ISBN 9788172052171.
- ^ Cunningham, Joseph Davey (1918). A History Of The Sikhs From The Origin Of The Nation To The Battles Of The Sutlej. p. 110.
- ^ Singh, Giani Gian (1898). Panth Prakash. pp. 832–834.
- ^ Sarkar, Jadunath (1934). Fall of the Mughal empire Vol II. Central Archaeological Library. p. 492. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
- ^ Grewal, J. S.; Habib, Ifran (2001). Sikh History from Persian Sources: Translations of Major Texts. Tulika. p. 195. ISBN 9788185229171.
- ^ P Dhavan (2011). When Sparrows Became Hawks: The Making of the Sikh Warrior Tradition, 1699-1799. Oxford University Press. p. 92. ISBN 978-0-19-975655-1.
- ^ Gupta, Hari (2007). History of the Sikhs Vol II Evolution of the Sikh confedracies. Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd. p. 202. ISBN 978-81-215-0248-1.
- ^ "Marathas and the English Company 1707–1818 by Sanderson Beck". san.beck.org. Retrieved 2015-04-10.
- ^ Syad Muhammad Latif (1984), History of the Panjab from the Remotest Antiquity to the Present Time, Progressive Books, p. 274
- ^ Randhawa, Karenjot Bhangoo (2012). Civil Society in Malerkotla, Punjab: Fostering Resilience Through Religion. Lexington Books (Rowman and Littlefield). p. 62. ISBN 978-0-7391-6737-3.
- ^ Ziad, Waleed (2021-12-14). Hidden Caliphate: Sufi Saints beyond the Oxus and Indus. Harvard University Press. p. 88. ISBN 978-0-674-26937-8.
- ^ Amanat, Abbas (2018-11-26). The Persianate World: Rethinking a Shared Sphere. BRILL. p. 143. ISBN 978-90-04-38728-7.
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