Barisan Mountains

The Bukit Barisan or the Barisan Mountains are a mountain range on the western side of Sumatra, Indonesia, covering nearly 1,700 km (1,050 mi) from the north to the south of the island. The Bukit Barisan range consists primarily of volcanoes shrouded in dense jungle cover, including Sumatran tropical pine forests on the higher slopes.^[1] The highest peak of the range is Mount Kerinci at 3,800 metres (12,467 ft).^[2] The Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park is situated towards the southern end of the range in Liwa, Indonesia.

The name Bukit Barisan actually means "row of hills" or "hills that make a row" in Malay, for the range stretches end to end along the island of Sumatra.

There are 35 active volcanoes in Bukit Barisan. The largest volcano is the supervolcano Toba within the 100 km (62 miles) × 30 km (19 miles) Lake Toba, which was created after a caldera collapse (est. in 74,000 Before Present).^[3] The eruption is estimated to have been at level eight on the VEI scale, the largest possible for a volcanic eruption.

List of volcanoes

The following list is sourced from the Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program.^[4]

Name	Shape	Elevation	Last eruption (VEI)	Geolocation
Weh	stratovolcano	617 metres (2,024 ft)	Pleistocene	5°49′N 95°17′E / 5.82°N 95.28°E / 5.82; 95.28
Seulawah Agam	stratovolcano	1,810 metres (5,940 ft)	1839 (2)	5°26′53″N 95°39′29″E / 5.448°N 95.658°E / 5.448; 95.658
Peuet Sague	complex volcano	2,801 metres (9,190 ft)	25 December 2000 (2)	4°54′50″N 96°19′44″E / 4.914°N 96.329°E / 4.914; 96.329
Geureudong	stratovolcano	2,885 metres (9,465 ft)	1937	4°48′47″N 96°49′12″E / 4.813°N 96.82°E / 4.813; 96.82
Mount Leuser	non-volcanic	3,466 metres (11,371 ft)		3°44′29″N 97°9′18″E / 3.74139°N 97.15500°E / 3.74139; 97.15500
Kembar	shield volcano	2,245 metres (7,365 ft)	Pleistocene	3°51′00″N 97°39′50″E / 3.850°N 97.664°E / 3.850; 97.664
Sibayak	stratovolcano	2,212 metres (7,257 ft)	1881	3°14′N 98°31′E / 3.23°N 98.52°E / 3.23; 98.52
Sinabung	stratovolcano	2,460 metres (8,070 ft)	2 March 2021^[5]	3°10′12″N 98°23′31″E / 3.17°N 98.392°E / 3.17; 98.392
Toba	supervolcano	2,157 metres (7,077 ft)	cca 75.000 years ago	2°35′N 98°50′E / 2.58°N 98.83°E / 2.58; 98.83
Helatoba-Tarutung	fumarole field	1,100 metres (3,600 ft)	Pleistocene	2°02′N 98°56′E / 2.03°N 98.93°E / 2.03; 98.93
Imun	unknown	1,505 metres (4,938 ft)	unknown	2°09′29″N 98°55′48″E / 2.158°N 98.93°E / 2.158; 98.93
Sibualbuali	stratovolcano	1,819 metres (5,968 ft)	unknown	1°33′22″N 99°15′18″E / 1.556°N 99.255°E / 1.556; 99.255
Lubukraya	stratovolcano	1,862 metres (6,109 ft)	unknown	1°28′41″N 99°12′32″E / 1.478°N 99.209°E / 1.478; 99.209
Sorikmarapi	stratovolcano	2,145 metres (7,037 ft)	1986 (1)	0°41′10″N 99°32′20″E / 0.686°N 99.539°E / 0.686; 99.539
Talakmau	complex volcano	2,919 metres (9,577 ft)	unknown	0°04′44″N 99°58′48″E / 0.079°N 99.98°E / 0.079; 99.98
Sarik-Gajah	volcanic cone	unknown	unknown	0°00′29″N 100°12′00″E / 0.008°N 100.20°E / 0.008; 100.20
Marapi	complex volcano	2,891 metres (9,485 ft)	5 August 2004 (2)	0°22′52″S 100°28′23″E / 0.381°S 100.473°E / -0.381; 100.473
Tandikat	stratovolcano	2,438 metres (7,999 ft)	1924 (1)	0°25′59″S 100°19′01″E / 0.433°S 100.317°E / -0.433; 100.317
Talang	stratovolcano	2,597 metres (8,520 ft)	12 April 2005 (2)	0°58′41″S 100°40′44″E / 0.978°S 100.679°E / -0.978; 100.679
Kerinci	stratovolcano	3,800 metres (12,500 ft)	22 June 2004 (2)	1°41′49″S 101°15′50″E / 1.697°S 101.264°E / -1.697; 101.264
Hutapanjang	stratovolcano	2,021 metres (6,631 ft)	unknown	2°20′S 101°36′E / 2.33°S 101.60°E / -2.33; 101.60
Sumbing	stratovolcano	2,507 metres (8,225 ft)	23 May 1921 (2)	2°24′50″S 101°43′41″E / 2.414°S 101.728°E / -2.414; 101.728
Kunyit	stratovolcano	2,151 metres (7,057 ft)	unknown	2°35′31″S 101°37′48″E / 2.592°S 101.63°E / -2.592; 101.63
Pendan	unknown	unknown	unknown	2°49′S 102°01′E / 2.82°S 102.02°E / -2.82; 102.02
Belirang-Beriti	compound	1,958 metres (6,424 ft)	unknown	2°49′S 102°11′E / 2.82°S 102.18°E / -2.82; 102.18
Bukit Daun	stratovolcano	2,467 metres (8,094 ft)	unknown	3°23′S 102°22′E / 3.38°S 102.37°E / -3.38; 102.37
Kaba	stratovolcano	1,952 metres (6,404 ft)	22 August 2000 (1)	3°31′S 102°37′E / 3.52°S 102.62°E / -3.52; 102.62
Dempo	stratovolcano	3,173 metres (10,410 ft)	October 1994 (1)	4°02′S 103°08′E / 4.03°S 103.13°E / -4.03; 103.13
Patah	unknown	2,817 metres (9,242 ft)	unknown	4°16′S 103°18′E / 4.27°S 103.30°E / -4.27; 103.30
Bukit Lumut Balai	stratovolcano	2,055 metres (6,742 ft)	unknown	4°14′S 103°37′E / 4.23°S 103.62°E / -4.23; 103.62
Besar	stratovolcano	1,899 metres (6,230 ft)	April 1940 (1)	4°26′S 103°40′E / 4.43°S 103.67°E / -4.43; 103.67
Suoh	caldera	1,000 metres (3,300 ft)	10 July 1933 (4)	5°15′S 104°16′E / 5.25°S 104.27°E / -5.25; 104.27
Hulubelu	caldera	1,040 metres (3,410 ft)	1836	5°21′S 104°36′E / 5.35°S 104.60°E / -5.35; 104.60
Rajabasa	stratovolcano	1,281 metres (4,203 ft)	1798	5°46′48″S 105°37′30″E / 5.78°S 105.625°E / -5.78; 105.625

Inactive volcanoes

The following list is sourced from the Study Archaeology^[6]^[4]

Name	Shape	Elevation	Last eruption (VEI)	Geolocation
Mount Pesagi	caldera	3,262 metres (10,702 ft)	unknown	1°10′01″S 101°19′30″E / 1.167°S 101.325°E / -1.167; 101.325
Sekincau Belirang	caldera	1,719 metres (5,640 ft)	unknown	5°07′S 104°19′E / 5.12°S 104.32°E / -5.12; 104.32
Ranau	caldera	1,881 metres (6,171 ft)	unknown	4°50′S 103°55′E / 4.83°S 103.92°E / -4.83; 103.92