Wikipedia

Azeem Majeed

Azeem Majeed is a Professor and Head of the Department of Primary Care & Public Health at Imperial College, London, as well as a general practitioner in South London and a consultant in public health.[1] In the most recent UK University Research Excellence Framework results (published in 2022), Imperial College London was the highest ranked university in the UK for the quality of research in the “Public Health, Health Services and Primary Care” unit of assessment.

Azeem Majeed
EducationUniversity of Wales College of Medicine
Known forResearch in primary care
Medical career
InstitutionsImperial College London
Sub-specialtiesGeneral practice and public health medicine

Majeed is a graduate of the University of Wales College of Medicine (now the Cardiff University School of Medicine). He moved to London in the 1990s and became a lecturer in the department of Epidemiology and Public Health Medicine at St. George's Hospital Medical School, followed by senior lecturer posts at the School of Public Policy and the Department of Primary Care and Population Sciences at University College London (UCL), becoming professor there in 2002 after being awarded a personal chair. He moved to Imperial College London in 2004 to take up his current post. Majeed is also an honorary consultant in public health with the Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust in London and with the UK Health Security Agency.

Majeed is Director of the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Applied Research Collaboration (ARC) Programme for NW London; and was associate director (Primary Care) for the NIHR Diabetes Research Network from 2005 to 2015. He spent seven years (1997-2004) working at the UK Office for National Statistics (ONS), where he acquired considerable expertise in the analysis of data from health information systems, vital statistics, NHS databases and health surveys. Majeed has published over 500 academic articles; has over 200,000 citations of his work; and has an H-index of 137.[2] He is the highest cited researcher globally in the primary care category on Google Scholar.[3]

His research has included a study looking at the quality of care delivered by general practices in England, and in 2021 he co-authored findings on rates of infection, serious illness and death in ethnic minority groups during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK.

Education

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Majeed gained admission to the University of Wales College of Medicine (now the Cardiff University School of Medicine) to study medicine in 1980, and subsequently qualified as a medical doctor in 1985.[4][5] He later worked in clinical posts in South Wales and Gloucester, completing the MRCGP (FRCGP) and MFPH (FFPH) exams. He is also a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians. Early in his clinical career, he worked in South Wales where he saw the effects of working in the coal mining industry on health; particularly, on lung disease. He also saw the effects of poverty on ill-health. Majeed completed doctoral studies and was awarded his MD by the University of Wales in 1996.

Career

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Majeed moved to London in the 1990s.[1] He became a lecturer in the department of Epidemiology and Public Health Medicine at St. George's Hospital Medical School before moving to a senior lecturer post at both the School of Public Policy and the Department of Primary Care and Population Sciences at University College London (UCL).[5] After moving to London, Majeed continued his clinical work with roles in both general practice and in emergency medicine in addition to his academic work.

In 2000, he was awarded a primary care senior scientist award and subsequently concentrated on research. In 2002, he became professor at UCL.[5] In 2004 he was appointed Professor of Primary Care & Public Health and Head of the Department of Primary Care and Public Health at Imperial College London.[5] He still spends some time working as a general practitioner in South London.[6]

In 2018, he completed a study demonstrating that the quality of care delivered by general practice was more important than the opening hours.[6]

Research

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Majeed is a pioneer in developing methods to the use data from NHS medical records and from routine health information systems to answer key research questions of public health importance. The aim of this work has been to influence health policy; improve healthcare efficiency and health outcomes; and reduce health inequalities. Majeed's quantitative work has been supplemented with research using other methods such as systematic reviews and qualitative methods. This work has allowed Majeed to contribute effectively as a government adviser and a public educator on key health challenges.

In one of his early projects, Majeed developed a method for linking data from census records with postcode data in NHS population registers.[7] This linkage allowed deprivation indices to be developed for general practices, which in turn led to research showing the importance of socio-economic factors on the performance of general practices in key areas such as screening. Subsequent work using large-scale data analyses showed the importance of factors such as deprivation and case-mix on NHS prescribing costs, hospital admission rates and mortality among inpatients; and the need for NHS resource allocation models to incorporate such factors to ensure a more equitable distribution of NHS funding across England.[8][9][10]

Majeed used data from linked primary care–secondary care records to show that achievement of quality targets in primary care improved outcomes for people with type 2 diabetes; these included a reduction in death rates, hospital admission rates and clinical outcomes such as amputation and retinopathy, but had little effect on ethic disparities in the quality of care.[11][12] Majeed's rigorous analyses highlighted the need for the NHS to invest in such secondary prevention programmes and contributed important data for the Government Review of the NHS Primary Care Quality and Outcomes Framework in England in 2023. In other work, Majeed investigated how primary care influences health outcomes in countries such as Brazil; showing the need for a strong primary care infrastructure as a key component of a health system that improves access to care, provides universal health coverage and reduces health inequalities.[13]

At the UK Office for National Statistics, Majeed established a system for monitoring deaths from drugs that was used to evaluate the impact of public health interventions to reduce these deaths, such as restrictions on the sale of paracetamol. This work provided evidence for the effectiveness of the intervention and for its continuation.[14]

COVID-19 pandemic

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In 2020, he co-authored an editorial which stated that most of the UK deaths in doctors from COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK were aged over 60 and from ethnic minority backgrounds.[15] In January 2021, during the COVID-19 vaccination programme in the United Kingdom, he relayed concerns of the distribution of COVID-19 vaccines.[16][17] In the same month, he was co-author of a collaborative study between St George's University, Manchester University and Harvard University, which showed that during the pandemic "people from ethnic minority groups have experienced higher rates of infection, serious illness and death."[18] Majeed and his team have also published work on international comparisons of COVID-19 control strategies. Majeed has published extensively on many areas related to COVID-19 such as vaccination and on topics such as protecting the health of medical professionals during the pandemic and returning to exercise after a COVID-19 infection. Majeed was one of the first to show that patients admitted to NHS hospitals with COVID-19 had worse outcomes than those admitted with influenza; confirming that COVID-19 was not “just like flu” and was having a major impact on bed occupancy and the provision of NHS care.[19] In subsequent work with NHS England, he showed the important role of COVID-19 vaccination in reducing hospital admissions in England in 2021, which provided evidence for continued booster vaccinations of high-risk groups such as the elderly.[20]

Media Coverage and Public Health Advocacy

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Majeed has used his expertise in clinical medicine and public health to promote positive public health messages during the COVID-19 pandemic that will help to promote beneficial changes in behaviour at both individual and population level. He is a strong advocate of vaccination,[21] which he believes is the best long-term method of limiting the impact of COVID-19 in the UK and the rest of the world. He has given many interviews about the COVID-19 pandemic for the broadcast media - including for the BBC, Sky News, ITV News, Channel 4 News,[22] Times Radio, and LBC. He has also written or contributed quotes to articles for the print media - including the Guardian,[23] Financial Times,[24] Sunday Times,[25] the Independent[26] and the Daily Mirror.[27] He has also worked with the NHS at local and national level to promote positive public health messages in areas such as wearing face masks,[28] following government COVID-19 regulations, and vaccination. Majeed's team has a wide range of work on societal engagement; for example, working with local schools to support children from deprived backgrounds enter the health professions, addressing vaccine hesitancy, and improving confidence and uptake of vaccination in marginalised groups.

Career awards

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Majeed was selected as one of the 50 most influential GPs in the UK by the professional GP magazine Pulse for five consecutive years (2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019). In 2017, he won the Lambeth CCG Award for Outstanding Contribution to Primary Care, which reflects the contribution he has made to primary care in Lambeth in his 20 years as a GP, in addition to his national and international roles. Majeed is a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences (FMedSci), Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians (FRCP), Fellow of the Royal College of General Practitioners (FRCGP) and Fellow of the Faculty of Public Health (FFPH). In 2021, he was appointed as an NIHR Senior Investigator. He was one of the Imperial College London Team awarded the Queen’s Anniversary Prize[29] for Research in 2021 for work on the UK's response to COVID-19. Majeed was also the Winner of the 1992 Winfield Medical Audit Prize.

Selected publications

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  • Majeed, Azeem; Maile, Edward John; Bindman, Andrew B. (1 June 2020). "The primary care response to COVID-19 in England's National Health Service". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 113 (6): 208–210. doi:10.1177/0141076820931452. ISSN 0141-0768. PMC 7439588. PMID 32521196. (Joint author)
  • Majeed, Azeem; Molokhia, Mariam; Pankhania, Bharat; Asanati, Kaveh (1 June 2020). "Protecting the health of doctors during the COVID-19 pandemic" (PDF). British Journal of General Practice. 70 (695): 268–269. doi:10.3399/bjgp20X709925. ISSN 0960-1643. PMC 7219630. PMID 32393502. (Joint author)
  • For a Full list of Professor Majeed's publications, see his Google Scholar profile. A list of his publications on COVID-19 can also be viewed via Google Scholar.

References

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  1. ^ a b "Azeem Majeed: No part timer". British Medical Journal. 356: j1386. 22 March 2017. doi:10.1136/bmj.j1386. hdl:10044/1/46096. ISSN 0959-8138. PMID 28330903. S2CID 39393999.(subscription required)
  2. ^ "Azeem Majeed".
  3. ^ "Profiles".
  4. ^ ORCID. "Azeem Majeed (0000-0002-2357-9858)". orcid.org. Retrieved 9 August 2020.
  5. ^ a b c d "Home - Professor Azeem Majeed". www.imperial.ac.uk. Retrieved 9 August 2020.
  6. ^ a b "Professor Azeem Majeed". Pulse Today. 29 August 2019. Retrieved 9 August 2020.(subscription required)
  7. ^ Majeed, F A; Cook, D G; Anderson, H R; Hilton, S; Bunn, S; Stones, C (14 May 1994). "Using patient and general practice characteristics to explain variations in cervical smear uptake rates". BMJ. 308 (6939): 1272–1276. doi:10.1136/bmj.308.6939.1272. ISSN 0959-8138. PMC 2540205. PMID 8205021.
  8. ^ Omar, R. Z; O'Sullivan, C.; Petersen, I.; Islam, A.; Majeed, A. (14 July 2008). "A model based on age, sex, and morbidity to explain variation in UK general practice prescribing: cohort study". BMJ. 337 (jul14 2): a238. doi:10.1136/bmj.a238. ISSN 0959-8138. PMC 2658517. PMID 18625598.
  9. ^ Majeed, A. (28 October 2000). "Cross sectional study of primary care groups in London: association of measures of socioeconomic and health status with hospital admission rates". BMJ. 321 (7268): 1057–1060. doi:10.1136/bmj.321.7268.1057. ISSN 0959-8138. PMC 27515. PMID 11053180.
  10. ^ Aylin, Paul; Bottle, Alex; Majeed, Azeem (23 April 2007). "Use of administrative data or clinical databases as predictors of risk of death in hospital: comparison of models". BMJ. 334 (7602): 1044. doi:10.1136/bmj.39168.496366.55. ISSN 0959-8138. PMC 1871739. PMID 17452389.
  11. ^ Vamos, E. P.; Harris, M.; Millett, C.; Pape, U. J.; Khunti, K.; Curcin, V.; Molokhia, M.; Majeed, A. (30 August 2012). "Association of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and all cause mortality in people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: retrospective cohort study". BMJ. 345 (aug30 1): e5567. doi:10.1136/bmj.e5567. ISSN 1756-1833. PMC 3431284. PMID 22936794.
  12. ^ Millett, Christopher; Gray, Jeremy; Saxena, Sonia; Netuveli, Gopalakrishnan; Khunti, Kamlesh; Majeed, Azeem (12 June 2007). "Ethnic Disparities in Diabetes Management and Pay-for-Performance in the UK: The Wandsworth Prospective Diabetes Study". PLOS Medicine. 4 (6): e191. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040191. ISSN 1549-1676. PMC 1891316. PMID 17564486.
  13. ^ Hone, Thomas; Rasella, Davide; Barreto, Mauricio L.; Majeed, Azeem; Millett, Christopher (30 May 2017). "Association between expansion of primary healthcare and racial inequalities in mortality amenable to primary care in Brazil: A national longitudinal analysis". PLOS Medicine. 14 (5): e1002306. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002306. ISSN 1549-1676. PMC 5448733. PMID 28557989.
  14. ^ Morgan, Oliver W; Griffiths, Clare; Majeed, Azeem (3 April 2007). "Interrupted Time-Series Analysis of Regulations to Reduce Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) Poisoning". PLOS Medicine. 4 (4): e105. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040105. ISSN 1549-1676. PMC 1845154. PMID 17407385.
  15. ^ "Editorial paper finds COVID-19 death among doctors in the UK is mostly in over-60s". medicalxpress.com. Retrieved 9 August 2020.
  16. ^ Mehta, Priyanka; Dutta, Rupanjana. "Accelerate the vaccine roll out". www.asian-voice.com. Archived from the original on 7 February 2021. Retrieved 19 February 2021.
  17. ^ Lovett, Samuel (12 January 2021). "GPs concerned mass vaccination sites disrupting local rollouts". The Independent. Retrieved 19 February 2021.
  18. ^ O'Hare, Ryan (21 January 2021). "More needs to be done to protect ethnic minority groups from COVID-19 | Imperial News | Imperial College London". Imperial News. Imperial College London. Retrieved 19 February 2021.
  19. ^ Woodcock, Thomas; Greenfield, Geva; Lalvani, Ajit; Majeed, Azeem; Aylin, Paul (27 July 2022). "Patient outcomes following emergency admission to hospital for COVID-19 compared with influenza: retrospective cohort study". Thorax. 78 (7): 706–712. doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2021-217858. hdl:10044/1/98586. ISSN 0040-6376. PMC 10314037. PMID 35896404.
  20. ^ Cornforth, Felicity; Webber, Lucie; Kerr, Gabriele; Dinsdale, Hywell; Majeed, Azeem; Greengross, Peter (24 February 2023). "Impact of COVID-19 vaccination on COVID-19 hospital admissions in England during 2021: an observational study". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 116 (5): 167–176. doi:10.1177/01410768231157017. ISSN 0141-0768. PMC 10248539. PMID 36825557.
  21. ^ "Please go out and get your booster vaccine ASAP – Professor Azeem Majeed | Imperial News | Imperial College London". 20 October 2021.
  22. ^ "Government must 'act now' to bring down Covid cases, public health expert says". 18 October 2021.
  23. ^ Davis, Nicola; Geddes, Linda (31 December 2020). "Covid vaccine: Chief medical officers defend rescheduling of second doses". The Guardian.
  24. ^ https://www.ft.com/content/1f57838a-24d2-40d5-b314-2d8345a6e001
  25. ^ "Risk of Covid-19 reinfections on the rise". The Times. 23 October 2021.
  26. ^ "Omicron poses new threats to hospitals even as new variant appears less severe". 28 December 2021.
  27. ^ "Twelve key questions answered including face mask debate as Covid rules scrapped". Daily Mirror. 6 July 2021.
  28. ^ "Why face masks are important in controlling the spread of Covid-19". 8 December 2021.
  29. ^ "Imperial awarded Queen's Anniversary Prize for COVID-19 response | Imperial News | Imperial College London". 25 November 2021.
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