The Atlantic sixgill shark (Hexanchus vitulus) is a rare species of hexanchid shark found in the Atlantic Ocean at depths that are greater than 300 meters.[1] These depths are known as mesopelagic and bathypelagic in tropical and temperate waters around the world.[1] The Atlantic sixgill shark is very similar to other species of sixgill in terms of its growth rate in deep sea waters. It is believed that this is due to the abiotic and biotic factors in relation to the depths at which they are found.[1] It was formerly described as its own species, but was synonymised with the bigeye sixgill shark (Hexanchus nakamurai). However, a study published in 2019 resurrected the species on the basis of molecular data. The species can be physically differentiated from the bluntnose sixgill shark (Hexanchus griseus) by its much smaller size and position of the dorsal fin in relation to the caudal fin.[1][2] The Atlantic sixgill shark (Hexanchus vitulus) becomes sexually mature at around 1.40 to 1.75 meters. They do not reach lengths much greater than 180 cm.[3]
| Atlantic sixgill shark | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Chondrichthyes |
| Subclass: | Elasmobranchii |
| Order: | Hexanchiformes |
| Family: | Hexanchidae |
| Genus: | Hexanchus |
| Species: | H. vitulus
|
| Binomial name | |
| Hexanchus vitulus Springer and Waller, 1969
| |
| |
| Distribution of Hexanchus vitulus (red) and Hexanchus nakamurai (blue) | |
Diet
editTheir diet consists mainly of bony fish and cephalopods, with crustaceans sometimes included.[4]
An experiment shows that the Atlantic sixgill shark will not feed on prey after it has been dead for 24 hours, it will ignore said prey and move on to its next kill.[5] They will also feed more on the prey in the spring season as compared to the winter season.[5]
Classification
editAlthough the Atlantic sixgill shark was believed to be the only species in its genus it has been discovered that there are two other extant species in the genus Hexanchus: the Bigeye sixgill shark (Hexanchus nakamurai) and the Bluntnose sixgill shark (Hexanchus griseus).[1]
One main difference between H. vitulus and H. griseus are that H. vitulus has five rows of teeth on either side of its lower jaw while H. griseus has six.[6]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e Daly-Engel, T. S., Baremore, I. E., Grubbs, R. D., Gulak, S. J., Graham, R. T., & Enzenauer, M. P. (2019). Resurrection of the sixgill shark Hexanchus vitulus Springer & Waller, 1969 (Hexanchiformes, Hexanchidae), with comments on its distribution in the northwest Atlantic Ocean. Marine Biodiversity, 49(2), 759-768.
- ^ "New species of shark discovered through genetic testing". Retrieved 4 March 2018.
- ^ Springer, S., & Waller, R. A. (1969). Hexanchus vitulus, a new sixgill shark from the Bahamas. Bulletin of Marine Science, 19(1), 159-174. From using 1,310 base pairs of two mitochondrial genes, COI and ND2, it is confirmable that bigeye sixgill sharks from the Atlantic Ocean (Belize, Gulf of Mexico, and Bahamas) branched out from those in the Pacific and Indian Oceans (Japan, La Reunion, and Madagascar) having 7.037% sequence divergence.
- ^ "Hexanchus vitulus Springer & Waller, 1969 Atlantic bigeye sixgill shark". Fishbase. Retrieved 16 October 2024.
- ^ a b Anderson, Gail S.; Bell, Lynne S. (1 March 2016). "Impact of Marine Submergence and Season on Faunal Colonization and Decomposition of Pig Carcasses in the Salish Sea". PLOS ONE. 11 (3): e0149107. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1149107A. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0149107. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4773062. PMID 26930206.
- ^ "Hexanchus vitulus Springer & Waller, 1969". Shark References.
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