The Assault on Vatikivi (Swedish: Anfallet på Vatikivi; Russian: Нападение на Ватикиви) was a failed Swedish attempt to dislodge a Russian force that was blockading the Swedish defenders at Viborg from their positions at Vatikivi during the Russo-Swedish War (1495–1497).
| Assault on Vatikivi | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Russo-Swedish War (1495–1497) | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
| Sweden | Principality of Moscow | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
|
Knut Posse Hartwig Winholt Niilo Pentinpoika (POW) Maunu Prille (POW) | Unknown | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
|
800 peasants 100 soldiers Several boats | Unknown, but more than the Swedes | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
|
Hundreds killed, wounded, or captured Several boats sunk | Negligible | ||||||
Background
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Beginning of the Russo-Swedish War (1495–1497)
editIn August 1495, the awaited Russian attack began, with the Russians burning and destroying the villages of Nykyrka, Mohla, and Kivinebb. The frightened villagers fled and flooded into Viborg, with the Russians chasing behind them.[1][2]
Russian advance towards Viborg
editWhen he received news of the advance, Bishop Magnus in Åbo bombarded Sten Sture with letters, with extreme exaggerations like that the Russians were preparing to send a fleet of 2,000 ships to Stockholm.[2][3]
Siege of Viborg
editOn 21 September the first Russians appeared outside of Viborg and the city was quickly surrounded on all sides. Russian siege trebuchets threw massive boulders towards the wall, with the biggest one being able to throw meter long boulders, which destroyed the wooden defenses outside of the city. The bombardments struck fear in the defenders, being 1,800 troops[1][2] called up from Stockholm and Åbo and 800 quickly organized peasants from Nyland.[4][5]
Assault
editPreparations
editOn 12 October Knut Posse made an attempt to break the siege, with the assault being decided to be directed towards Vatikivi during night time.[1][2] The Swedish force amounted to around 900 men or half of the defenders, with 100 of them being soldiers and 800 being peasants from Nyland.[1][3][5]
Attack
editOn the same day, Niilo Pentinpoika, Maunu Prille, and Hartwig Winholt along with Knut Posse accompanied by the Swedish force began rowing to Vatikivi. As quickly as they landed, a cry was heard signaling that the Russians were coming, the unexperienced peasants were frightened by the Russians and ran back as quickly as possible to the boats, with half of them sinking as they crowded into them.[3][6][2] On the other hand, the soldiers stayed in their positions and kept defending and repelled the Russian attack until all of the boats had been emptied. Quickly after, another Russian force began attacking the soldiers on the shore.[3][1] However, the peasants once again ran back to the boats causing several more to sink, and in the chaos that ensued Maunu Prille and Niilo Pentinpoika were captured by the Russians.[3][1]
Hundreds are said to have been captured, killed, or wounded on the Swedish side, with the majority of the soldiers being killed.[7][8] Hartwig was able to save himself by swimming away from the shore and grabbing ahold of a rope thrown from one of the escaping boats.[3][1]
Aftermath
editAfter the defeat, Knut Posse moved to a full defence of Viborg, with the Russians assaulting the walls only a day later, but suffering heavy casualties in the process, and with the walls staying mostly unaffected.[1]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens Svenska krig (in Swedish) (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. pp. 363–364. ISBN 9189080262.
- ^ a b c d e Chrispinsson, John (2011). Den glömda historien : om svenska öden och äventyr i öster under tusen år [The forgotten history: Swedish destinies and adventures in the east for a thousand years] (in Swedish). Stockholm: Norstedts. pp. 92–93. ISBN 9789113025247.
- ^ a b c d e f Forsström, O. A. (1898). Suomen keskiajan historia. Harvard University. Jyväskylä, Gummerus.
- ^ "POSSE, Knut". www.blf.fi. Retrieved 2024-05-02.
- ^ a b Sommerschield, Finn Edvard (1940). Den svenska folkstammen i Finland (in Swedish). Nordiska Förlagsaktiebolaget.
- ^ Hildebrand, Hans (1877). "411 (Sveriges medeltid, senare skedet, från år 1350 till år 1521)". runeberg.org (in Swedish). Retrieved 2024-05-02.
- ^ Szabó, János B.; Fodor, Pál (2021-01-01). On the Verge of a New Era. The Armies of Europe at the Time of the Battle of Mohács.
- ^ Andersin, Hans. "Wiborgs Nyheter" (PDF). p. 5. Retrieved 2024-05-02.