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Argentine peso moneda nacional

The peso moneda nacional (symbol: m$n) was the currency of Argentina from 5 November 1881 to 1 January 1970, the date in which the peso ley 18.188 was issued to the Argentine public. It was subdivided into 100 centavos, with the argentino worth 5 pesos. The peso was introduced to replace the Argentine peso moneda corriente at a rate of $+m⁄c 25 = m$n 1.

Argentine peso moneda nacional
peso moneda nacional argentino (Spanish)
Unit
Symbolm$n‎ or $+m⁄n
Denominations
Superunit
 5argentino
Subunit
 1⁄100centavo
Symbol
 centavo¢
Banknotes50 centavos, 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500, 1000, 5000, 10000 pesos
Coins1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 centavos, 1, 5, 10, 25 pesos
Demographics
Date of introduction5 November 1881
ReplacedArgentine real
Date of withdrawal1 January 1970
Replaced byArgentine peso ley
User(s)Argentina
Issuance
Central bankBanco Central de la República Argentina
 Websitewww.bcra.gov.ar
This infobox shows the latest status before this currency was rendered obsolete.

History

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The peso moneda nacional replaced the Argentine real at a rate of one to eight. It also replaced the peso fuerte at par and the peso moneda corriente at a rate of 25 pesos moneda corriente = 1 peso moneda nacional. The peso moneda nacional was itself replaced by the peso ley at a rate of one hundred to one.

The peso was initially pegged to the French franc at a rate of 1 peso = 5 francs. In 1883, when silver coins ceased production, the paper peso was set at a value of 2.2 francs or 638.7 mg gold. After a suspension in the gold standard from 1914, in 1927, a peg to the U.S. dollar was established of 2.36 pesos = 1 dollar. The rate changed to 1.71 pesos = 1 dollar in 1931, then to 3 pesos = 1 dollar in 1933. Between 1934 and 1939, the peso was pegged to sterling at a rate of 15 pesos = £1 stg (1 peso = 1s. 4d. stg). High inflation in the post-war period lead to the introduction of the peso ley 18.188 in 1970 at the rate of 100 pesos moneda nacional = 1 peso ley.

Coins

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In 1881, silver 10, 20 and 50 centavos and 1 peso and gold 1 argentino coins were introduced, followed by bronze 1 and 2 centavos the next year. Silver coins ceased production in 1883, with gold coins ending in 1896. Base metal 5, 10 and 20 centavos were introduced in 1896, with base 50 centavos following in 1941. The 1 peso was reintroduced in 1957, with 5, 10 and 25 pesos introduced in 1961, 1962 and 1964.

Centavo

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Value Obverse Emission Withdrawn Composition Diam. Image
1 Liberty 1882–1896 21 April 1959 Bronze 25 mm  
1 Coat of arms 1939–1944 21 April 1959 Bronze 16 mm
1 Coat of arms 1945–1948 21 April 1959 Copper 16 mm
2 Liberty 1882–1896 21 April 1959 Bronze 30 mm  
2 Coat of arms 1939–1947 21 April 1959 Bronze 20 mm  
2 Coat of arms 1947–1950 21 April 1959 Copper 20 mm
5 Liberty 1896–1942 31 January 1965 Copper-Nickel 17 mm  
5 Liberty 1942–1950 31 January 1965 Aluminium-Bronze 17 mm  
5 José de San Martín 1950–1953 31 January 1965 Copper-Nickel 17 mm  
5 José de San Martín 1953–1956 31 January 1965 Copper-Nickel-clad steel 17 mm  
5 Liberty 1957–1959 31 January 1965 Copper-Nickel-clad steel 17 mm  
10 Liberty 1881–1883 .900 Silver 18 mm  
10 Liberty 1896–1942 21 January 1966 Copper-Nickel 19 mm  
10 Liberty 1942–1950 21 January 1966 Aluminium-Bronze 19 mm  
10 José de San Martín 1950–1952 21 January 1966 Copper-Nickel 19 mm
10 José de San Martín 1952–1956 21 January 1966 Nickel-clad steel 19 mm
10 Liberty 1957–1959 21 January 1966 Nickel-clad steel 19 mm  
20 Liberty 1881–1883 .900 Silver 22 mm
20 Liberty 1896–1942 31 January 1967 Copper-Nickel 21 mm  
20 Liberty 1942–1950 31 January 1967 Aluminium-Bronze 21 mm  
20 José de San Martín 1950–1952 31 January 1967 Copper-Nickel 21 mm  
20 José de San Martín 1952–1956 31 January 1967 Nickel-clad steel 21 mm
20 Liberty 1957–1961 31 January 1967 Nickel-clad steel 21 mm  
50 Liberty 1881–1883 .900 Silver 29 mm  
50 Liberty 1941 31 January 1969 Nickel 24 mm  
50 José de San Martín 1952–1956 31 January 1969 Nickel-clad steel 23 mm  
50 Liberty 1957–1961 31 January 1969 Nickel-clad steel 23 mm

Peso

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Value Obverse Emission Withdrawn Composition Diam. Image
1 Liberty 1881–1883 .900 Silver 39 mm
1 Liberty 1957–1962 1 October 1974 Nickel-clad steel 25 mm  
1 Buenos Aires Cabildo 1960 1 October 1974 Nickel-clad steel 25 mm
5 Liberty 1881–1896 .900 Gold 23 mm
5 President Sarmiento frigate 1961–1968 12 April 1976 Nickel-clad steel 21 mm  
10 Gaucho riding horse 1962–1968 12 July 1976 Nickel-clad steel 21 mm  
10 House of Tucumán 1966 12 July 1976 Nickel-clad steel 21 mm
 
25 First national coin 1964–1968 12 July 1976 Nickel-clad steel 26 mm  
25 Domingo Faustino Sarmiento 1968 12 July 1976 Nickel-clad steel 26 mm
 

Banknotes

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Provincial

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There were several banknotes issued by provinces of Argentina, such as Buenos Aires (issued by its respective provincial entity (1883–85), Santa Fe (1882), Entre Ríos (1885), Córdoba (1889), Entre Ríos (1885), Chaco (1884), Salta (1884), and Tucumán (1888) provincial banks.

Banknotes issued by "Banco Provincia de Buenos Aires"
       

 

0,10 Pesos Oro 0,16 Pesos Oro 2 Pesos Oro 100 Pesos Oro 500 Pesos Oro

Banco Nacional

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The first nationally issued banknotes were introduced by the "Banco Nacional" in 1883. These were in denominations of 5, 10, 20 and 50 centavos.

Banknotes issued by "Banco Nacional"
     

 

10 cent. (1884) 20 centavos 5 centavos 10 cent. (1895)

1899–1935 issues

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In 1891 and 1892, the same denominations were produced by the recently created "Banco de la Nación Argentina". In 1894, the Banco Nación introduced larger denomination notes for 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 pesos.

Paper money production was taken over by the "Caja de Conversión" in 1899. That year, 50 centavos, 1 and 100 pesos were introduced, followed in 1900 by notes for 5, 10, 50, 500 and 1000 pesos. These notes were issued until 1935, when the Banco Central began to produce notes. Law 3505, of 20 September 1897, authorized the Caja de Conversión to renovate all paper money in existence at the time. They decided to make new design called "Progress's Effigy" ("Efigie del Progreso").

These bank notes were created originally in a bigger size and printed by the mint (Casa de Moneda), using French-made paper. Due to their size, and the paper not being of good enough quality, they began to deteriorate. They then decided to suspend the printing and look for another provider. The new notes, of smaller size, started to be issued in 1903, using typography as the printing method.

Value Issue dates Image (obverse / reverse)
50 Centavos 1899–1900, 1918–1926  
1 Peso 1900–1903, 1906–1935  
5 Pesos 1900–1935  
10 Pesos 1900–1935  
50 Pesos 1900–1935  
100 Pesos 1899–1932  
500 Pesos 1900–1901, 1905, 1909–1930, 1935  
1000 Pesos 1901, 1905, 1906, 1908, 1910–1934  

Banco Central

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When the Central Bank of Argentina was established it took over the banknotes, which began to be printed by the Casa de Moneda. The banknotes designs were not modified until 1942, when the bank decided to introduce new designs, leaving the allegory of Liberty figure behind. Some series were printed in Great Britain.[1]

The Banco Central issued the following banknotes:

Value Obverse Reverse Emission start date Withdrawn Image (obverse / reverse)
0.50 [n 1] Allegory of Liberty National Constitution 1942 31 December 1960  
1 Justice Casa de Tucumán 1935 31 December 1960  
5 José de San Martín May Revolution 1935 31 January 1965  
10 José de San Martín Oath of Independence 17 March 1936 31 January 1965  
50 José de San Martín Crossing of the Andes (painting by Augusto Ballerini) 10 September 1936 30 March 1968  
50 José de San Martín Crossing of the Andes 2 January 1943 30 September 1968   
100 José de San Martín Founding of Buenos Aires (painting by José Moreno Carbonero) 14 August 1936 30 March 1968  
100 José de San Martín Founding of Buenos Aires 23 December 1943 30 September 1968   
500 José de San Martín Central Bank of Argentina 21 December 1944 30 March 1968   
500 José de San Martín San Martín's house at Grand Bourg 25 November 1964 30 September 1968  
1,000 José de San Martín Frigate Presidente Sarmiento 21 December 1944 1 July 1975   
5,000 José de San Martín National Congress 4 October 1962 1 July 1975   
10,000 José de San Martín San Martín and O'Higgins meeting 18 December 1961 1 July 1975   
Notes
  1. ^ 50 centavos

Bibliography

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  • Krause, Chester L.; Clifford Mishler (1991). Standard Catalog of World Coins: 1801–1991 (18th ed.). Krause Publications. ISBN 0873411501.
  • Pick, Albert (1994). Standard Catalog of World Paper Money: General Issues. Colin R. Bruce II and Neil Shafer (editors) (7th ed.). Krause Publications. ISBN 0-87341-207-9.
  • Silveyra, Jorge; Lozano, Sergio; Díaz, Oscar (2001). Falsificación de moneda. Editorial Policial. ISBN 950-9071-66-8.

References

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  1. ^ Peso Moneda Nacional on Billetes Argentinos
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