Anthrax is a genus of bombyliid flies, commonly known as "bee-flies" due to their resemblance to bees. Most are dull black flies, and are usually small to medium in size, 4–20 millimetres (0.2–0.8 in), and many species have striking wing patterns.[5]
| Anthrax | |
|---|---|
| |
| Anthrax anthrax | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Bombyliidae |
| Tribe: | Anthracini |
| Genus: | Anthrax Scopoli, 1763 |
| Type species | |
| Musca anthrax | |
| Synonyms | |
Anthrax is a very large genus. While worldwide in distribution, most species are from the Palaearctic and Afrotropic regions. The genus includes species parasitic on tiger beetles – an unusual trait among the bee-flies. A. anthrax larvae parasitize bees. Many North American species parasitize solitary wasps.[6][7]
The type species is Musca morio Linnaeus, 1758, later found to be a misidentification of Musca anthrax Schrank, 1781.[8]
Species
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- Anthrax actuosus Paramonov, 1935[9]
- Anthrax alagoezicus Paramonov, 1935[9]
- Anthrax albofasciatus Macquart, 1840[10]
- Anthrax alruqibi El-Hawagry, 2013[11]
- Anthrax analis Say, 1823[12]
- Anthrax anthrax (Schrank, 1781)[1]
- Anthrax argentatus (Cole, 1919)
- Anthrax artemesia Marston, 1963[13]
- Anthrax atriplex Marston, 1970[14]
- Anthrax aureosquamosus Marston, 1963[13]
- Anthrax bezzianus Paramonov, 1935[9]
- Anthrax binotatus Wiedemann in Meigen 1820[15]
- Anthrax bowdeni Báez, 1983
- Anthrax cascadensis Marston, 1963[13]
- Anthrax cathetodaithmos Marston, 1970[14]
- Anthrax chaparralus Marston, 1963[13]
- Anthrax chionostigma Tsacas, 1962
- Anthrax cintalapa Cole, 1957
- Anthrax columbiensis Marston, 1963[13]
- Anthrax cybele (Coquillett, 1894)
- Anthrax dentata Becker, 1907
- Anthrax distigma Wiedemann, 1828
- Anthrax francoisi Evenhuis & Greathead, 1999[7]
- Anthrax gideon Fabricius, 1805
- Anthrax giselae François, 1966
- Anthrax greatheadi El-Hawagry, 1998
- Anthrax innublipennis Marston, 1970[14]
- Anthrax johanni Zaitzev, 1997
- Anthrax koebelei Marston, 1970[14]
- Anthrax larrea Marston, 1963[13]
- Anthrax laticellus Marston, 1970[14]
- Anthrax melanopogon (Becker, 1892)
- Anthrax moursyi El-Hawagry, 1998
- Anthrax nidicola Cole, 1952
- Anthrax nigriventris Marston, 1970[14]
- Anthrax nitidus Marston, 1970[14]
- Anthrax oedipus Fabricius, 1805
- Anthrax painteri Marston, 1970[14]
- Anthrax pauper (Loew, 1869)[16]
- Anthrax pelopeius François, 1966
- Anthrax picea Marston, 1963[13]
- Anthrax pilosulus Strobl, 1902
- Anthrax plesius (Curran, 1927)
- Anthrax pluricellus Williston, 1901
- Anthrax pluto Wiedemann, 1828[17]
- Anthrax punctulatus Macquart, 1835
- Anthrax seriepunctatus (Osten Sacken, 1886)[18]
- Anthrax slossonae (Johnson, 1913)
- Anthrax snowi Marston, 1970[14]
- Anthrax stellans (Loew, 1869)[16]
- Anthrax sticticus Klug, 1832
- Anthrax striatipennis Marston, 1970[14]
- Anthrax trifasciatus Meigen, 1804
- Anthrax vallicola Marston, 1963[13]
- Anthrax varius Fabricius, 1794
- Anthrax virgo Egger, 1859
- Anthrax zohrayensis El-Hawagry, 2002
- Anthrax zonabriphagus (Portchinsky, 1895
References
edit- ^ a b Schrank, F. von Paula (1781). Envmeratio insectorvm Avstriae indigenorum. Augustae Vindelicorum [=Augsburg]: Eberhardi Klett et Franck. pp. xxiv + 548 + [4] pp., 4 pls. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
- ^ Macquart, P.J.M. (1847). Diptères exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. 2.e supplement. Paris: Roret. pp. 104 pp, 6 pls.
- ^ Scudder, S. H. (1882). "Nomenclator zoologicus. Part 1. Supplemental list of genera in zoology". Bulletin of the United States National Museum. 19 (1): xxi + 367. Retrieved 15 June 2017.
- ^ a b Sack, P. (1909). "Die palaearktischen Spongostylinen". Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft. 30: 501–548. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
- ^ F. M. Hull (1973). Bee flies of the world. The genera of the family Bombyliidae. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press. pp. 1–687. ISBN 0-87474-131-9.
- ^ a b Eaton, Eric R.; Kaufman, Kenn (2007). Kaufman Field Guide to Insects of North America. Houghton Mifflin. p. 292. ISBN 978-0-618-15310-7.
- ^ a b Evenhuis, N.L.; Greathead, D.J (1999). World catalog of the bee flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae). Leiden: Backhuys Publishers. pp. xlviii + 756 pp. ISBN 90-5782-039-0. OCLC 248444103. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
- ^ Magdi S. El-Hawagry; Aly A. El-Moursy; Francis Gilbert; Samy Zalat (2000). "The tribe Anthracini Latreille (Bombyliidae, Diptera) from Egypt" (PDF). Egyptian Journal of Biology. 2: 97–117.
- ^ a b c Paramonov, S.J. (1935). "Beiträge zur Monographie der Gattung Anthrax (Bombyliidae) [I]". Zbirnik Prats Zoologichnogo Muzeyu Ukrain'ska Akademya Nauk. 16: 3–31.
- ^ Macquart, P.J.M. (1840). Diptères exotiques nouveauxou peu connus. Tome deuxieme.--1er partie. Paris: Roret. pp. 135 pp., 21 pls.
- ^ El-Hawagry; Khalil; Sharaf; Fadl; Aldawood (2013). "A preliminary study on the insect fauna of Al-Baha Province, Saudi Arabia, with descriptions of two new species". ZooKeys (274): 1–88. doi:10.3897/zookeys.274.4529. PMC 3677392. PMID 23794807.
- ^ Say, Thomas (1823). "Descriptions of dipterous insects of the United States". Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 3: 73–104. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Marston, N.L. (1963). "A revision of the Nearctic species of the albofasciatus group of the genus Anthrax Scopoli (Diptera: Bombyliidae)" (PDF). Technical Bulletin, Kansas Agricultural Experimental Station. 127: 1–79. Retrieved 15 July 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Marston, N.L. (1970). "Revision of the New World species of Anthrax (Diptera: Bombyliidae) other than Anthrax albofasciatus group" (PDF). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. 43: 1–148. Retrieved 15 July 2022.
- ^ Meigen, J.W. (1820). Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europäische n zweiflugeligen Insekten. Aachen: Zweiter Theil. Forstmann. pp. xxxvi + 363. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
- ^ a b Loew, H. (1869). "Diptera Americae septentrionalis indigena. Centuria octava". Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift. 13: 1–52. Retrieved 15 July 2022.
- ^ Wiedemann, Christian Rudolph Wilhelm (1828). Aussereuropäische zweiflügelige Insekten. Als Fortsetzung des Meigenschen Werks. Hamm: Zweiter Theil. Schulz. pp. xxxii + 608 pp., 7 pls.
- ^ Osten Sacken, C.R. (1886). "Diptera [part]. Biologia Centrali-Americana". Zoologia-Insecta-Diptera. 1: 105–128.
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