Wikipedia

Antauro Humala

In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Humala and the second or maternal family name is Tasso.

Antauro Igor Humala Tasso (born 29 June 1963) is a Peruvian ethnocacerist, a former army major, and nationalist leader.[1] He has been the Leader of the political party ANTAURO since its creation in 2023.

Antauro Humala
Humala in January 2023
Leader of ANTAURO
Incumbent
Assumed office
11 January 2023
Preceded byParty established
Personal details
Born
Antauro Igor Humala Tasso

(1963-06-29) 29 June 1963 (age 61)
Lima, Peru
Political partyANTAURO
(2023-present)
Union for Peru
(since the late-2010s)
Go on Country
(prior to the late-2010s)
Other political
affiliations		Movimiento Etnocacerista
Parent
RelativesOllanta Humala (brother)
Military service
AllegiancePeru
Branch/servicePeruvian Army
Years of service1985–2005
RankMajor
Battles/warsInternal conflict in Peru
Cenepa War
Locumbazo
Andahuaylazo

Early life

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Antauro Igor Humala Tasso was born in Lima, on 29 June 1963. Son of lawyers Isaac Humala and Elena Tasso. He is the brother of former president Ollanta Humala and the leader of the ethnocacerist movement Frente Patriótico Peruano.

He studied at the Franco-Peruvian College of the city of Lima and at the National College of Sciences and Arts of Cuzco. He entered the National Agrarian University La Molina in the career of Agricultural Engineering.

Military career

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In 1979, he entered the Military School of Chorrillos. He graduated from the 1985 promotion "Héroes de Concepción". He was head of the patrol in the anti-submersion fight in the 1980s. He participated as a captain, taking part in the war operations in 1995 during the Cenepa War. He proved to be a capable soldier, and in 1997 he was promoted to Major of the Peruvian Army.

Coup attempts

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Locumba uprising

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Main article: Locumbazo

He and his brother Ollanta Humala had previously led 50 followers in the brief Locumba uprising against President Alberto Fujimori during the dying days of his regime in October 2000. After the assault, carried out when the Fujimori regime was in the midst of crisis, the rebel group toured the Peruvian Andes denouncing the illegality of Fujimori and claiming the "dignity" of the Peruvian Armed Forces, according to him and his brother, in the hands of military leaders corrupt.[2]

Andahuaylazo

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Main article: Andahuaylazo

He attained international prominence on 1 January 2005 by occupying a rural police station in Andahuaylas, Apurimac.[3] Assisted by a large group of followers (press reports range from 70 to 300 in their estimates), demanded the resignation of President Alejandro Toledo, whom he accused of selling Peru out to foreign (particularly Chilean) investors.

Four police officers and one gunman died on the first day of the rebellion.[4] The following day Humala agreed to surrender, though had still failed to do so by the third day, claiming that the government had reneged on its promise to guarantee a "surrender with honour". Eventually he surrendered and was taken to Lima under arrest on 4 January 2005 and was sentenced to 19 years in prison.[5]

Political career

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In May 2001, after the Locumba Uprising, Antauro Humala published his first book Ejercito Peruano: Milenarismo, Nacionalismo y Etnocacerismo in which he lays out Etnocacerismo, primarily its anticolonial military doctrine and critical Indigenist analysis of Peruvian history and society.

Humala was an unsuccessful candidate for Congress in the April 2006 elections running under the Go on Country - Social Integration Party.

In 2011 his brother became president of Peru.

In the last 2020 parliamentary elections, he joined the political party Union for Peru, a party that obtained a total of 13 seats out of 130 nationwide.[6] Later that year, his partisans in Congress were among those who voted for the removal of former President Martín Vizcarra.[7]

In the recent 2021 president election, Humala entered into an alliance with the candidate for Free Peru (Perú Libre), Pedro Castillo.[8] The alliance is conditioned on an early pardon from his prison sentence and his reinstatement into the military, potentially leading the armed forces. In return, he pledged to support Castillo and defend him from a potential military coup led by conservative generals with ties to the far right including former presidential candidate, Rafael López Aliaga.[9][10]

Imprisonment

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In 2006, Antauro Humala published his book Etnonacionalismo: Izquierda y Globalidad (Visión Etnocacerista) in which he laid out the anticolonial and Neo-Incan ideology of his Etnocacerist movement. Topics discussed in the book are the anti-indigenous racism of Peruvian society, Etnocacerism's place compared to former Indigenists such as José Carlos Mariátegui and José María Arguedas, and a plan for a 2nd Inca Empire (Confederation with Bolivia and Ecuador). A second and third editions expanded on the first one and were published on 2007 and 2011, respectively.

In September 2009 Antauro Humala was sentenced to 25 years in prison[clarification needed] but,[11] it was reduced to between 17 and 19 years in prison. On 14 May 2011, Antauro Humala filed a lawsuit against journalist Jaime Bayly claiming Bayly was "disseminating inaccurate versions" of the events in 2005.[12]

In 2012 the National Penitentiary Institute transferred him to the high-security Callao Naval Base for "repeated violations of penitentiary regulations". There he joined Abimael Guzmán and Vladimiro Montesinos.[13] On 1 August 2012, his father Isaac Humala announced the publication of another book that Antauro had completed while imprisoned.[14] Antauro's book De La Guerra Etnosanta A La Iglesia Tawantinsuyana laid out the need to create a neo-incan religion that would coalesce the many varied religious traditions, both classical and contemporary, of the Indigenous Andean peoples.

In February 2015, a report from the Directorate of Criminalistics of the National Police of Peru on the bodies of the four law enforcement officers who died in this coup, indicates that the bullets that caused their death came from above and behind, while Antauro Humala's group was ahead of them. The argument that there are witnesses claiming that the deaths were caused by military snipers from the government of Alejandro Toledo turns out to be contradictory, because it was supposedly an assault.[15][better source needed]

In October 2018, the Peruvian Patriotic Front was founded. In June 2019, Antauro Humala announced that the foundation of Patriotic Front is official.

In September 2019, he presented his request for conditional release before the National Penitentiary Institute of Peru, in which he is serving a 19-year prison sentence in the Virgen de la Merced de Chorrillos prison.[16]

Political views

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Humala and his brother Ollanta call the movement they lead the "Movimiento Etnocacerista",[17] which has been described as having fascist traits.[18][19][5][20][21] Humala has been described as having ultranationalist and fascist leanings himself[22][23][24] with analyst Carlos Meléndez of Diego Portales University stating that Humala's views adopt "fascistic features and with promises of a heavy hand, militaristic and a refoundational discourse with extreme radicalism".[22]

Personal life

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His brother, Ollanta, has served as the 65th President of Peru (2011–2016).[25] His other brother, Ulises Humala, has also run for the presidency.

References

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  1. ^ Carlos Aznárez (1 March 2005). "¿Quién es Antauro Humala?" [Who is Antauro Humala?] (in Spanish). Rebelion.org. Archived from the original on 21 August 2022. Retrieved 16 May 2011.
  2. ^ "Ollanta Humala: las claves del levantamiento de Locumba". El Comercio Perú (in Spanish). 30 October 2015. Archived from the original on 23 May 2021. Retrieved 23 May 2021.
  3. ^ "Antauro Humala begins trial for 2005 assault on police station". Andean Air Mail & Peruvian Times. 28 March 2008. Archived from the original on 21 September 2011. Retrieved 16 May 2011.
  4. ^ "Perú: insurgentes se rinden" [Peru: insurgents surrender] (in Spanish). BBC News. 4 January 2005. Archived from the original on 23 February 2021. Retrieved 16 May 2011.
  5. ^ a b "A Notorious Rebel Leader Just Got Peru's President Impeached From Prison". Vice Media. Archived from the original on 16 November 2020. Retrieved 26 December 2021.
  6. ^ "Unión Por el Perú: 13 congresistas representarán a líder etnocacerista Antauro Humala". Panamericana Televisión. Archived from the original on 22 May 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2021.
  7. ^ "A Notorious Rebel Leader Just Got Peru's President Impeached From Prison". www.vice.com. Archived from the original on 16 November 2020. Retrieved 23 May 2021.
  8. ^ "Antauro Humala expresa apoyo a Pedro Castillo nndc". Gestión (in Spanish). 5 May 2021. Archived from the original on 21 August 2022. Retrieved 9 June 2021.
  9. ^ "Pedro Castillo | Antauro Humala hace otra vez campaña desde el penal". Peru21 (in Spanish). 15 May 2021. Archived from the original on 9 June 2021. Retrieved 9 June 2021.
  10. ^ "Antauro Humala ofrece el control de las FFAA". Diario Expreso. 15 May 2021. Archived from the original on 21 August 2022. Retrieved 9 June 2021.
  11. ^ Eduardo Avila (21 September 2009). "Peru: Antauro Humala Sentenced for 2005 Attack". Global Voices Online. Archived from the original on 3 October 2009. Retrieved 16 May 2011.
  12. ^ "Antauro Humala presentará demanda contra Jaime Bayly" [Antauro Humala present lawsuit against Jaime Bayly]. Terra (in Spanish). 14 May 2011. Archived from the original on 18 May 2011. Retrieved 16 May 2011.
  13. ^ "Antauro Humala Transferred To Callao Naval Base". Peruvian Times. 4 April 2012. Archived from the original on 21 August 2022. Retrieved 28 June 2014.
  14. ^ "Presentan obra de Antauro Humala en Feria del Libro de Lima". Panamericana Televisión. Archived from the original on 9 June 2021. Retrieved 9 June 2021.
  15. ^ "Andahuaylazo: ¿Policías asesinados por francotiradores militares". Correo (in Spanish). 2 February 2015. Archived from the original on 2 June 2021. Retrieved 31 May 2021.
  16. ^ "Antauro Humala solicitó libertad condicional". El Comercio Perú (in Spanish). 17 September 2019. Archived from the original on 22 May 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2021.
  17. ^ Libón, Oscar (23 May 2011). "Montesinos: "Levantamiento de Locumba facilitó mi fuga del país"". Correo. Lima. Archived from the original on 28 June 2014. Retrieved 28 June 2014.
  18. ^ "Opposites Attracting Voters in Peru's Race". Los Angeles Times. 2 April 2006. Archived from the original on 26 December 2021. Retrieved 26 December 2021.
  19. ^ "Tragi-comic farce". The Economist. 6 January 2005. ISSN 0013-0613. Archived from the original on 26 December 2021. Retrieved 26 December 2021.
  20. ^ "Fascism Now: The Legacy of World War II in Today's Latin America". Council on Hemispheric Affairs. 23 April 2019. Archived from the original on 26 December 2021. Retrieved 26 December 2021.
  21. ^ Pez, Angel (14 December 2005). "Peru: Champion of Indigenous Causes Surges in Presidential Poll". Global Information Network. p. 1.
  22. ^ a b Cifuentes, Cristina (15 November 2020). "Antauro Humala: El líder antisistema de la política peruana". La Tercera. Archived from the original on 26 December 2021. Retrieved 26 December 2021.
  23. ^ Noriega, Carlos (30 April 2020). "Coronavirus en Perú: motín en las cárceles | Casi la mitad de los presos testeados tienen covid-19". Página 12. Archived from the original on 21 August 2022. Retrieved 26 December 2021.
  24. ^ "Peru and the difficulty of reform". The Economist. Vol. 434, no. 9179. 1 February 2020. p. 40.
  25. ^ "Antauro Humala demands to be set free". livinginperu.com. 17 July 2006. Archived from the original on 28 January 2013. Retrieved 16 May 2011.
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  • Antauro Humala's public letter from Centro Penitenciario de Piedras Gordas (Peru) / 26 March 2008: antauro
  • Video of the lawsuit (Lurigancho) and protests of Antauro Humala and etnocaceristas in jail: Frecuencia Blog – Negocios Online
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