Ann Ellis born Ann Waite (28 June 1843 – 8 September 1919) was an English power loom weaver and a trade union leader. She became the main person in a new textile union that led a successful three-month strike that was notably led by women in 1875.
Ann Ellis | |
|---|---|
 The women-only union committee of 1875 | |
| Born | Ann Waite 28 June 1843 Guiseley, Yorkshire, England |
| Died | 8 September 1919 (aged 76) Bradford, Yorkshire, England |
| Nationality | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland |
| Occupation | weaver |
| Known for | leading a weaver's strike |
Life
editEllis was born in 1843 in Guiseley in Yorkshire. She was one of several children born to Hannah Whalley (born Sladen) and a clothier named Samuel Waite. She was their third child and she was baptised and schooled in Guiseley. At some point the Waite family moved to Batley and she went to work as a power-loom weaver.[1]
In 1875 it was understood that the owners of the shoddy mills in Batley intended to reduce the workers' wages. The weavers of Batley decided to strike in early February and within days they were joined by fellow weavers at mills in Dewsbury. On 13 February 1875 there was a crowd of 9,000 gathered to hear Ellis speak near Spinkwell Mills in Dewsbury.[2] She was quoted in the local Huddersfield Examiner making the point that the owners could stand to reduce profits, but the workers could only choose not to eat if their wages were cut.[3] The strikers were men and women who decided they wanted Ellis, and the other women on the committee, to be their negotiators with the mill owners.[3] Ellis was the committee's treasurer and Hannah Woods was the president. The secretary was Kate Conran.[1]
The committee had some unproductive talks with the mill owners. In mid February the mill owners upped the stakes, when they created a lock-out that put 25,000 people out-of-work. In April, the Dewsbury, Batley, and Surrounding Districts Heavy Woollen Weavers’ Association was enrolling more men and women into the union. The National Union of Working Women wanted to create women-only unions[1] and the men were invited to join men-only unions,[2] but the association's members remained loyal.
After three months the mill owners settled and wage levels were restored in all the mills, bar two. The union became the Dewsbury and District Heavy Woollen Weavers Association. This union eventually became part of the British General Union of Textile Workers which in time became Unite.[2]
Ellis continued to support the labour movement and equality for women. She argued against laws that would prevent women from working in a way that was different from men. She would speak each year at conferences across the UK until 1885 when her employers in Batley dismissed her after she addressed another conference. She found herself without a job and she took domestic work in Brighton to obtain a living.[1] Ellis moved back to Yorkshire and did some foster care. She died in a hospital in Bradford in 1919.[1] Middle-class women were then allowed to vote.[4]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e Reynolds, Melanie (2024-06-13), "Ellis [née Waite], Ann (1843–1919), trade unionist and power- loom weaver", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.90000382494, ISBN 978-0-19-861412-8, retrieved 2024-06-17
- ^ a b c "The weavers strike: Success for the first all-woman strike committee".
- ^ a b Regi, Abhav (2020-08-01). "Anne Ellis and the 1875 Weavers Union Strike; and the Women's Bus Strike 1918". The Left Berlin. Retrieved 2024-06-17.
- ^ "Forgotten struggle of Yorkshire's working women". Yorkshire Post. Retrieved 17 June 2024.