Andre Morize (September 18, 1883 – October 3, 1957)[1][2] was a professor of French literature at Harvard University from 1918 to 1951. He is well known for his involvement and activism during World War I and World War II.
Andre Morize | |
|---|---|
 Morize in 1950 | |
| Born | September 18, 1883 |
| Died | October 3, 1957 (aged 74) |
| Alma mater | University of France |
| Occupation | Professor |
| Spouse | Ruth Muzzy Conniston Morize (married 1929–1952) |
Early life
editMorize was born on September 18, 1883, at Le Fleix, France.[3] In 1900, at the age of 16 he graduated with a Bachelier-ès-lettres from the University of France, and won the Prix d’honneur in the Councours General of the Lycées.[3] He continued his studies at the University of France and earned Licencié-ès-lettres (1906) and Agrégé-des-lettres (1907).While at the University of Paris, he worked under Joseph Bédier and Gustave Lanson, specializing in modern and eighteenth-century French literature and culture.[3]
After graduating, Morize was a professor of French literature at University of Montauban from 1907 to 1910. He then worked at the University of Bordeaux for the next three years. Before joining the French Army at the outbreak of World War I in 1914, he was an associate professor of French literature at Johns Hopkins University from 1913 to 1914.
Involvement in World War I
edit
When World War I began, Morize entered the French Army. He became a lieutenant (1917) and then a captain (1917/18).
On August 2, 1914, Morize was mobilized. He was wounded twice while in the field.[5] He served in the Mulhouse campaign (August 1913); in the battles of Vosges, Arras, and Vermelles (December 1914); in the battles of Loos, Notre Dame de Lorette, Neuville-Saint-Vaast, Souchez (January–May 1916); at the Belgian Front (May 1916); in the battle of the Somme (July 1916–January 1917); and at the Alsace front (April 1917), before he was sent to the United States as part of a military training program.
During the final years of the war, the French Army sent Morize to Harvard College as a military liaison, where he worked with their university-wide war efforts in keeping undergraduates fit and ready in case they were drafted. In his position as lecturer on Military Science and Tactics, Morize trained students on trench warfare and machine gun combat at Fresh Pond in Cambridge, MA, and was involved in campus events about the war.[6] Because of his service, Morize was decorated with the Croix de Guerre.
Professor at Harvard
editAs Morize prepared to return to France at the end of World War I, Harvard president A. Lawrence Lowell invited him to stay on as a professor of French literature and culture.[7] He earned a Litt.D. from Middlebury College in 1925, where he also served as the director of the French summer school.[8] While directing the summer school, he became a full professor in 1925, and eventually he became chair of the Department of History and Literature.[9]
He married professional musician[10] and Boston socialite Ruth Muzzy Conniston on June 27, 1929.[11] Their marriage ended in a well-documented divorce after Morize's retirement in 1952.
Involvement in World War II
editOn a vacation in France after directing the 1939 French summer school at Middlebury College, Morize found himself suddenly caught up in the second World War.[12] With no way of returning to the United States to begin his classes, Morize offered his help to the French government.[12] He served in the French Ministry of Information until France was overrun by the German army and the Vichy government was installed.[13] As a member of the French Bureau of North American Propaganda, Morize translated articles, periodicals, and speeches by French statesmen in order to keep the United States apprised of the war effort.[14]
A day before the Germans reached Paris, Morize escaped with three trunks full of French government documents. He kept about a day ahead of the tide of the German army as he made his way to Lisbon, Portugal, to catch a clipper back to the United States.[14] He successfully escaped Europe and returned to Harvard on October 7, 1940.[15]
He returned to his professorial duties but remained active in the Harvard and local Boston community, advocating for relief measures for refugees.[16]
Post-World War II
editAfter World War II, Morize continued to advocate for France, French language, and French culture.[17] He retired from Harvard in May 1951.[18]
After retiring from Harvard, Morize decided to return to France. In France, he obtained a divorce from his wife, Ruth, on March 12, 1952.[20] However, his wife took him to court in Suffolk County, Massachusetts, seeking compensation because she claimed Morize had abandoned her by traveling to and deciding to stay in France after his retirement. The divorce became a local sensation due to Ruth's socialite status, Morize's local presence, and the legal precedence of whether a Suffolk County court could adjudicate a French divorce.[21] In the end, Morize was ordered to pay Ruth $150 a month.[22]
Published works
edit- L’Apologie du Luxe au XVIIIe Siécle, 1 Vol. (1909) [The Apology of Luxury in the 18th Century]
- La Formation du Goût (1911)
- Le “Candide” de Voltaire (1912)
- Candide (1913)
- Correspondence Inédite de Montesquieu, 2 vols. (1913)
- France Été 1940 (1941), complete transcription online
- Devoirs d'aujourd'hui et Devoirs de demain. Collection: «Voix de France», Éditions de la Maison française, NY. (1942)
References
edit- ^ a b "ANDRE MORIZE, 73, OF HARVARD DIES; French Literature Professor, 1925-50, Set Up Noted School in Vermont Taught Trench Warfare Alerted to Evacuate". The New York Times. AP. 5 October 1957. Page 17, column 4. Retrieved 26 May 2023.
PARIS, Oct. 4 (AP)--Prof. Andre Morize, former Professor of French Literature at Harvard University, died yesterday at his home here.
- ^ a b Notice de personne "Morize, André (1883-1957)" [Person notice "Morize, André (1883-1957)"] (in French). Bibliothèque nationale de France. 20 July 2021. Retrieved 26 May 2023.
- ^ a b c Harvard Alumni Bulletin, December 12, 1918.
- ^ Andre Morize personal archive, 1914–1951 [and undated], [Morize Portraits], 1919-[circa 1940s] HUG 4582 Box 9, Folder 5, Harvard University Archives
- ^ Brockton (Mass) Times, 18 March 1919.
- ^ Harvard Crimson, May 29, 1940.
- ^ Boston Sunday Herald, January 7, 1951.
- ^ French School, March 1940; Middlebury College Bulletin, March 1941; Boston Globe, January 15, 1950
- ^ French School, March 1940.
- ^ Ramski, Tamara (July 29, 2016). "Finding Aid to theAACF -- Indiv -- Conniston, Ruth Muzzy". Lake Wales, FL: Anton Brees Carillon Library.
- ^ Boston Traveler, May 16, 1952.
- ^ a b André Morize, France Été 1940; Harvard Crimson, October 6, 1939.
- ^ André Morize, France Été 1940; Harvard Crimson, October 6, 1939; Boston Herald, January 25, 1942; Boston Globe, March 17, 1943; Harvard Crimson, May 29, 1940.
- ^ a b Harvard Crimson, September 26, 1940.
- ^ Harvard Crimson, October 8, 1940.
- ^ Harvard Crimson, November 13, 1940; February 28, 1941; March 18, 1941; May 2, 1941; May 20, 1941.
- ^ Boston Herald, February 1, 1942; Boston Herald, Mary 23, 1947; Boston Sunday Herald, November 16, 1947
- ^ Harvard Crimson, May 4, 1951.
- ^ Andre Morize personal archive, 1914–1951 [and undated], [André and Ruth Morize], [circa 1930s-1940s], HUG 4582 Box 9, Folder 7, Harvard University Archives
- ^ Boston Herald, May 17, 1952.
- ^ Boston Traveler, May 16, 1952; Boston Herald, May 17, 1952; Boston Traveler, June 16, 1952.
- ^ Boston Traveler, June 18, 1952.
- ^ Boston Traveler, October 4, 1957.