Anđeo Zvizdović (or Zvijezdović; c. 1420 – 7 June 1498) was a Bosnian Croat Franciscan friar and evangelist who is considered by his countermen to be one of the most prominent Bosnians in the country's history. He met with the Sultan Mehmed II and negotiated the Ahdname of Milodraž – granting protection and the freedom of religion to the people of Bosnia following the Ottoman conquest of Bosnia.
Religious life
editZvizdović is said to have been born to a noble family in the village of Zvizde near Uskoplje (modern Gornji Vakuf), from which his surname is derived.[1] According to other accounts, he was born in Vrhbosna (modern-day Sarajevo). His religious zeal was fueled by the sermons of Saint James of the Marches, who served as Vicar of Bosnia in the 1430s.
James admitted him to the Franciscan Order and named him Anđeo (Angel); Zvizdović's original name is unknown. Zvizdović was particularly distinguished by his public speaking skills even as a novice friar, and was eventually elected head of the Franciscans of Bosnia proper.[1]
After the Ottomans under Mehmed the Conqueror subjugated the Kingdom of Bosnia in 1463, and the subsequent execution of King Stephen, Zvizdović also functioned as the secular representative of the Bosnian people. He left cliff-bound fortress of Kaštela fortress in Kozica canyon and stepped forward to meet the Sultan in Milodraž and negotiated the Ahdname of Milodraž, which can be issued only by the Sultan granting his direct protection, and with it the legal recognition of Bosnian Franciscans by the Ottoman Empire, as well as the promise of freedom of religion to Bosnia's Catholic population.[2][3]
Legacy
editDue to his intervention with Mehmed the Conqueror, Zvizdović is often credited with the survival of Roman Catholicism in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The remnants of his skeleton, partly burned in the fire of 1524,[1] are buried in the Franciscan monastery in Fojnica.[2]
Anđeo Zvizdović was one of the most influential Franciscan of his era, in particular during the times of establishment of the Ottoman rule in Bosnia, but also one of the most prominent men of country's history and the history of the Bosnian Catholics in particular. Zvizdović is subject of many researches, and his deeds are perceived and interpreted in different ways, not only by modern-day Bosnian Catholic, Croats, but also by Muslim Bosnians (Bosniaks) and Orthodox Bosnian (Serbs) as well.[1]
A street in the central part of Sarajevo, his place of birth, in close proximity to a contemporary Bosnian-Herzegovinian parliament building, bears his name.[4][5]
The Martyrologium franciscanum includes Fra Anđeo Zvizdović among the beatified Franciscans,[2] and he is venerated as such by both friars and laypersons alike.[1]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e Barun, Anđelko (11 February 2016). "Blaženik i političar - fra Anđeo Zvizdović (1420–1498)" (in Croatian). Svjetlo riječi. Archived from the original on 27 April 2016.
- ^ a b c d "Zvizdović, Anđeo". Croatian Encyclopaedia (in Croatian). Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography.
- ^ "Church of the Holy Spirit and Franciscan Monastery, the natural and architectural ensemble". old.kons.gov.ba. Sarajevo: Commission to Preserve National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina. November 22, 2011. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
- ^ "Ulice Kantona Sarajevo". zis.ks.gov.ba. Zavod za informatiku i statistiku Kantona Sarajevo. Retrieved 13 August 2019.