The alveolo-palatal ejective affricate is a type of consonantal sound, which was attested in Ubykh. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨tɕʼ⟩.
| alveolo-palatal ejective affricate | |
|---|---|
| tɕʼ | |
| ʨʼ | |
| Encoding | |
| X-SAMPA | s\_> |
Features
editFeatures of the alveolo-palatal ejective affricate:
- Its manner of articulation is affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then allowing air flow through a constricted channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
- Its place of articulation is alveolo-palatal. This means that:
- Its place of articulation is postalveolar, meaning that the tongue contacts the roof of the mouth in the area behind the alveolar ridge (the gum line).
- Its tongue shape is laminal, meaning that it is the tongue blade that contacts the roof of the mouth.
- It is heavily palatalized, meaning that the middle of the tongue is bowed and raised towards the hard palate.
- Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
- It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
- The airstream mechanism is ejective (glottalic egressive), which means the air is forced out by pumping the glottis upward.
Occurrence
edit| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abaza[1] | [example needed] | Contrasts /t͡sʼ, t̠͡ʃʼ, t̠͡ɕʼ, t̠͡ʃʷʼ/. | |||
| Abkhaz[2] | Bzyp | [example needed] | Bzyp dialect contrasts /t͡sʼ, t͡ʃʼ, t͡ɕʼ, t͡ɕʷʼ, ʈ͡ʂʼ/. | ||
| Ubykh[3][4] | [example needed] | Contrasted /t͡sʼ, t̠͡ʃʼ, t̠͡ɕʼ, t̠͡ɕʷʼ, ʈ͡ʂʼ/. | |||
See also
editExternal links
editReferences
edit- ^ Consonant Systems of the North-West Caucasian Languages (TITUS DIDACTICA)
- ^ Chirikba, V. A. (2003). "Abkhaz". Languages of the World/Materials 119. Lincom Europa.
- ^ Fenwick (2011).
- ^ Dumézil (1965), p. 266–269.
- Dumézil, Georges (1965), Documents anatoliens sur les langues et les traditions du Caucase, III: Nouvelles études oubykhs, Paris: Librairie A. Maisonneuve
- Fenwick, Rohan S. H. (2011), A Grammar of Ubykh, Munich: Lincom Europa