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The alveolar lateral ejective affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨t͡ɬʼ⟩ (or ⟨tɬʼ⟩), and in Americanist phonetic notation it is ⟨ƛʼ⟩ (lambda bar).
| Alveolar lateral ejective affricate | |
|---|---|
| tɬʼ | |
| ƛ’ | |
| IPA Number | 103 (148) 401 |
| Audio sample | |
| Encoding | |
| Entity (decimal) | t͡ɬʼ |
| Unicode (hex) | U+0074 U+0361 U+026C U+02BC |
Features
editFeatures of the alveolar lateral ejective affricate:
- Its manner of articulation is affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then allowing air flow through a constricted channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
- Its place of articulation is alveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge, termed respectively apical and laminal.
- Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
- It is a lateral consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream over the sides of the tongue, rather than down the middle.
- The airstream mechanism is ejective (glottalic egressive), which means the air is forced out by pumping the glottis upward.
Occurrence
edit| Family | Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Northeast Caucasian | Avar | кьалаб | 'hostile' | |||
| Haida | sttluujagadang | [st͡ɬʼuːt͡ʃakataŋ] | 'Sapsucker' | |||
| Cushitic | Iraqw[1] | hatlʼáʼ | [hat͡ɬʼáʔ] | 'other' | ||
| Northwest Caucasian | Kabardian | Baslaney | лӏы | 'man' | Corresponds to [ɬʼ] in other dialects. | |
| Salishan | Klallam | ƛ̕əm̕éʔqʷnəxʷ | [t͡ɬʼ(ə)ˈmˀeʔqʷn(ə)xʷ] | 'to accidentally bump one's head' | ||
| Salishan | Lillooet | st'át'imcets | [ˈst͡ɬʼæt͡ɬʼjəmxət͡ʃ] | 'Lilooet language' | ||
| Athabaskan | Navajo | tłʼóoʼdi | '(at) the outside' | |||
| Plateau-Penutian | Sahaptin | mɨƛ’ɨƛ’k | [mɨˈt͡ɬʼɨt͡ɬʼk] | 'mud' | ||
| Salishan | Sechelt | ch'álhch'ílh | [tʃʼat͡ɬ.tʃʼet͡ɬ] | 'robin' | ||
| Na-Dene | Tlingit | tlʼeex | 'garbage' | |||
| Salishan | Lushootseed | sq̓aƛ̕ | [sqʼɑt͡ɬʼ] | 'otter' | ||
| Northeast Caucasian | Tsez | кьиш | 'splinter' | |||
Proto-Semitic *ṣ́ is believed to have been an alveolar lateral ejective affricate.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Mous, Maarten (1993). A grammar of Iraqw. Kuschitische Sprachstudien. Vol. 9. Hamburg: Buske.