Wikipedia

Alpha-7 nicotinic receptor

The alpha-7 nicotinic receptor, also known as the α7 receptor, is a type of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor implicated in long-term memory, consisting entirely of α7 subunits.[1] As with other nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, functional α7 receptors are pentameric [i.e., (α7)5 stoichiometry].

Molecular model of the α7 nicotinic receptor

It is located in the brain, spleen, and lymphocytes of lymph nodes where activation yields post- and presynaptic excitation,[1] mainly by increased Ca2+ permeability.

Further, recent work has implicated this receptor as being important for generation of adult mammal neurons in the retina.[2] Functional α7 receptors are present in the submucous plexus neurons of the guinea-pig ileum.[3]

Medical relevance

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Recent work has demonstrated a potential role in reducing inflammatory neurotoxicity in stroke, myocardial infarction, sepsis, and Alzheimer's disease.[4][5][6]

An α7 nicotinic agonist appears to have positive effects on neurocognition in persons with schizophrenia.[7]

Activation of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor on mast cells, is a mechanism by which nicotine enhances atherosclerosis.[8]

Both α4β2 and α7 nicotinic receptors appear to be critical for memory, working memory, learning, and attention.[9]

α7-nicotinic receptors also appear to be involved in cancer progression. They have been shown to mediate cancer cell proliferation and metastasis.[10] α7 receptors are also involved in angiogenic and neurogenic activity, and have anti-apoptotic effects.[11][12][13]

Ligands

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Agonists

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Positive allosteric modulators (PAMs)

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At least two types of positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) can be distinguished.[29]

  • PNU-120,596[30]
  • NS-1738: marginal effects on α7 desensitization kinetics; modestly brain-penetrant[31]
  • AVL-3288: unlike the above PAMs, AVL-3288 does not affect α7 desensitization kinetics, and is readily brain penetrant. Improves cognitive behavior in animal models[32] In clinical development for cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.
  • A-867744[33][34]
  • Ivermectin

Other

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Antagonists

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It is found that anandamide and ethanol cause an additive inhibition on the function of α7-receptor by interacting with distinct regions of the receptor. Although ethanol inhibition of the α7-receptor is likely to involve the N-terminal region of the receptor, the site of action for anandamide is located in the transmembrane and carboxyl-terminal domains of the receptors.[38]

Negative allosteric modulators (NAMs)

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b Pharmacology, (Rang, Dale, Ritter & Moore, ISBN 0-443-07145-4, 5th ed., Churchill Livingstone 2003) p. 138.
  2. ^ Webster MK, Cooley-Themm CA, Barnett JD, Bach HB, Vainner JM, Webster SE, Linn CL (March 2017). "Evidence of BrdU-positive retinal neurons after application of an Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist". Neuroscience. 346: 437–446. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.01.029. PMC 5341387. PMID 28147247.
  3. ^ Glushakov AV, Voytenko LP, Skok MV, Skok V (January 2004). "Distribution of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors containing different alpha-subunits in the submucosal plexus of the guinea-pig". Autonomic Neuroscience. 110 (1): 19–26. doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2003.08.012. PMID 14766321. S2CID 25872540.
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  5. ^ Tracey KJ (February 2007). "Physiology and immunology of the cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 117 (2): 289–96. doi:10.1172/JCI30555. PMC 1783813. PMID 17273548.
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