The Honourable Major General Alexander Leslie (1731 – 27 December 1794) was a major general in the British Army during the American Revolutionary War. He was the commander of the British troops at the Battle of Harlem Heights. He replaced Cornwallis as commander in the South in 1782.
Alexander Leslie | |
|---|---|
 Portrait of Leslie by Thomas Gainsborough | |
| Born | 1731 England |
| Died | 27 December 1794 (aged 62–63) Beechwood House, near Edinburgh, Scotland |
| Allegiance |  Kingdom of Great Britain |
| Service |  British Army |
| Years of service | 1753–1782 |
| Rank | Major general |
| Battles / wars |
|
Early life
editLeslie was born in England in 1731 to Alexander Leslie, 5th Earl of Leven and, his second wife, Elizabeth Monypenny, daughter of David Monypenny of Pitmilly. From his father's first marriage to Mary Erskine, he had an elder half-brother, David Melville, 6th Earl of Leven. From his parents marriage, he had three sisters, the novelist Lady Mary Hamilton (wife of Dr. James Walker and George Robinson Hamilton), Anne Carnegie, Countess of Northesk (wife of George Carnegie, 6th Earl of Northesk), and Elizabeth Hope, Countess of Hopetoun (wife of John Hope, 2nd Earl of Hopetoun). His paternal grandfather was David Leslie, 3rd Earl of Leven.[1]
Career
editHe enlisted in the 3rd Foot Guards of the British Army in 1753. He was promoted to lieutenant-colonel of the 64th Regiment of Foot in 1766.[2]
In 1775, before the American War of Independence broke out, he led troops to Salem, Massachusetts looking for contraband weapons. His advance was delayed by a standoff at a bridge, during which the colonists removed the weapons he was looking for. His force was eventually allowed to proceed, but found nothing of consequence, and was received with hostility during the expedition.
In 1776, Leslie was promoted to brigadier-general. He fought in the Battle of Long Island, the Landing at Kip's Bay, the Battle of White Plains and the Battle of Harlem Heights, the Battle of Princeton and the Siege of Charleston during the American War of Independence. At Princeton, his nephew, Captain William Leslie was mortally wounded.[3]
In 1780, he was sent to the Chesapeake Bay by Sir Henry Clinton in order to "make a powerful diversion in [Earl Cornwallis's] favor by striking at the magazines then collecting by the enemy ... for supplying the army they were assembling to oppose him."[4] He became major general in 1782 and was made Colonel of the 63rd (West Suffolk) Regiment of Foot the same year. He transferred in 1788 to be Colonel of the 9th (East Norfolk) Regiment of Foot to his death.
Personal life
editIn 1760, he married Mary Tullidelph, a daughter of Dr. Walter Tullidelph of Tullidelph, in the County of Forfar, who had been a planter and member of the Council of the Island of Antigua. She died in 1761 in childbirth. Their daughter survived:[5]
- Mary Ann Leslie (1761–1845), who married John Rutherfurd, MP for Roxburghshire and eldest surviving son of John Rutherfurd.[6]
On 27 December 1794, on his way back to Edinburgh, Leslie was seized with a dangerous illness, and died at Beechwood House, about three miles west of Edinburgh, on 27 December 1794.[4]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 508.
- ^ Fredriksen, John C. (2001). America's military adversaries: from colonial times to the present. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. pp. 289–290. ISBN 1-57607-603-2.
- ^ Fischer, David Hackett (2006). Washington's Crossing. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 331. ISBN 0-19-517034-2.
- ^ a b "Alexander Leslie". Banastre Tarleton. 2 January 2011. Archived from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
- ^ Essex Institute historical collections, Volume 38 By Essex Institute, Peabody Essex Museum (1902) p. 325
- ^ "RUTHERFURD, John (?1748-1834), of Edgerstone, Roxburgh". www.historyofparliamentonline.org. History of Parliament Online. Retrieved 26 October 2022.