Akimotoite is a rare silicate mineral in the ilmenite group of minerals, with the chemical formula (Mg,Fe)SiO3.[4] It is polymorphous with pyroxene and with bridgmanite, a natural silicate perovskite that is the most abundant mineral in Earth's silicate mantle.[2][5][6] Akimotoite has a vitreous luster, is colorless, and has a white or colorless streak. It crystallizes in the trigonal crystal system in space group R3. It is the silicon analogue of geikielite (MgTiO3).[2]
| Akimotoite | |
|---|---|
| General | |
| Category | Oxide minerals Ilmenite group |
| Formula (repeating unit) | (Mg,Fe)SiO3 |
| IMA symbol | Aki[1] |
| Strunz classification | 4.CB.05[2] |
| Crystal system | Trigonal |
| Crystal class | Rhombohedral (3) H-M symbol: (3) |
| Space group | R3 |
| Unit cell | a = 4.7284, c = 13.5591 [Å]; Z = 6 |
| Identification | |
| Color | Colorless |
| Cleavage | perfect (0001) |
| Luster | vitreous |
| Streak | white or colorless |
| Diaphaneity | Transparent |
| Specific gravity | 3.81(calculated) |
| References | [2][3] |
Crystal structure
editThe crystal structure is similar to that of ilmenite (FeTiO3) with Si and Mg in regular octahedral coordination with oxygen. The Si and Mg octahedra align in discrete layers alternating up the c-axis. The space group is R3 (trigonal) with a = 4.7284 Å; c = 13.5591 Å; V = 262.94 Å3; Z = 6.[7]
Occurrence
editAkimotoite was found in the Tenham meteorites in Queensland, Australia. It is believed to have formed as the result of an extraterrestrial shock event. It is the silicon analogue of geikielite (MgTiO3). It was named after physicist Syun-iti Akimoto (also known as Shun'ichi Akimoto (秋本 俊一)) (1925–2004), University of Tokyo.[2]
It has also been reported from the Sixiangkou meteorite in the Gaogang District, Jiangsu Province, Taizhou Prefecture, China; the Zagami Martian meteorite, Katsina State, Nigeria and from the Umbarger meteorite, Randall County, Texas.[2]
Akimotoite is believed to be a significant mineral in the Earth's mantle at depths of 600–800 kilometres (370–500 mi) in cooler regions of the mantle such as where a subducted slab enters into the lower mantle. Akimotoite is elastically anisotropic and has been suggested as a cause of seismic anisotropy in the lower transition zone and uppermost lower mantle.[8]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. S2CID 235729616.
- ^ a b c d e f "Akimotoite". Mindat.org.
- ^ "Akimotoite". Webmineral.
- ^ Tomioka; Fujino (1999). "Akimotoite, (Mg,Fe)SiO 3, a new silicate mineral of the ilmenite group in the Tenham chondrite".
- ^ Tomioka; Fujino (1997). "Natural (Mg,Fe)SiO3-Ilmenite and -Perovskite in the Tenham Meteorite". Science. 277 (5329): 1084–1086. doi:10.1126/science.277.5329.1084.
- ^ Tschauner, Oliver; et al. (2014). "Discovery of bridgmanite, the most abundant mineral in Earth, in a shocked meteorite". Science. 346 (6213): 1100–1102. doi:10.1126/science.1259369. PMID 25430766. S2CID 20999417.
- ^ Horiuchi, H., Hirano, M., Ito, E., and Matsui, Y. (1982) MgSiO3 (ilmenite-type): single crystal X-ray diffraction study. American Mineralogist, 67, 788-793
- ^ Shiraishi, R., Ohtani, E., Kanagawa, K., Shimojuku, A., and Zhao, D. (2008) Crystallographic preferred orientation of akimotoite and seismic anisotropy of Tonga slab. Nature, 455, 657-660
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