Ayatollah Shaykh Abdallah Mazandarani (Persian: عبدالله مازندرانی) (AD 1840–1912;[1] AH 1256–1330) was a Shia Marja' and a leader of the constitutional movement against the Qajar dynasty. He was a pupil of Mirzaye Rashti. He worked alongside Akhund Khurasani and Mirza Ḥusayn Khalīlī Tihranī to support the first democratic revolution of Asia, Iran's Constitutional Revolution, and co-signed all major statements of the main source of emulation, Akhund Khurasani.[1]
Abdallah Mazandarani | |
|---|---|
عبدالله مازندرانی | |
 The trio: (left to right) Akhund Khurasani, Mirza Husayn Tehrani and Abdullah Mazandarani | |
| Personal | |
| Born | 1840 |
| Died | 1912 |
| Religion | Islam |
| Nationality | Iranian |
| Region | Najaf, Iraq |
| Jurisprudence | Twelver Shia Islam |
| Muslim leader | |
| Based in | Najaf, Iraq |
| Period in office | 1894–1912 |
| Post | Grand Ayatollah |
Early life
editHis full name was Molla Abdullah Langrudi. His father was Shaykh Muhammad Nasir Gilani who traveled from Gilan to Mazandaran province in Iran. Abdullah was born in the city of Barfrus, known today as Amol, in the north of Iran.[2][3] After completing his early education in Iran, he traveled to Atabat. In Karbala, he took part in the scientific courses of Zayn-al-ʿābedīn Māzandarānī and Shaikh Ḥasan Ardakānī. Then he went to Najaf, another important Shia city, to continue his studies. It is thought that he remained there for the rest of his life.[2]
Teachers
editHe started his education in Barforush Seminary. He took part in Mulla Muhammad Ashrafi classes. Then he moved to Iraq. Mazandarani's teachers included Shaykh Mahdi Kashef Al Ghata, Zayn Al Abedin Mazandarani, Shaykh Hasan Ardekani, Molla Muhammad Iravani, and Mirza Habib Allah Rashti.
Political life
editMazandarani was, along with Mohammad Kazem Khorasani and Hossein Khalili, counted among those Ulama who resisted the Qajar dynasty. They were also known as "Ulama Thalathah of Najaf" city.[4] Abdullah was one of the primary figures in the constitutional movement. He played an important part in the constitutional movement, which included encouraging people to resist the Russian invasion and unfair contracts, and writing letters in support of the Islamic religion.[5] Along with Mohammad Kazem Khorasani, Mazandarani protested against the policies and interference of the English government in the internal affairs of Iran.[6] He supported the movement of Iranian people during constitutionalism and sent telegrams and letters to encourage them.[7] Akhund Khurasani, Mirza Husayn Tehrani and Shaykh Abdullah Mazandarani, theorised a model of religious secularism in the absence of Imam, that still prevails in Shia seminaries.[8]
The period from the destruction of the first parliament under the orders of Mohammad Ali Shah on June 23, 1908, to the Shah's deposition on July 16, 1909, is called the Lesser Despotism in modern Iranian history. The Shah repeatedly delayed the elections under the guise of fighting sedition and defending Islam. Mohammad Ali Shah wrote letters to the sources of emulation in Najaf, seeking their support against the perceived conspiracies of Babis and other heretics. However, Akhund Khurasani, Mirza Tehrani and Mirza Abdullah Mazandarani responded by affirming the religious legitimacy of democracy and advised the Shah to work within the constitutional framework in improving the conditions of society and defending the country against colonial influence.[9]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b Farzaneh, Mateo Mohammad (2015). “The Iranian Constitutional Revolution and the Clerical Leadership of Khurasani”. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press. p. 13. ISBN 978-0-8156-5311-0.
- ^ a b electricpulp.com. "ʿABDALLĀH MĀZANDARĀNĪ, SHAIKH – Encyclopaedia Iranica". Retrieved 10 November 2016.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-06-17. Retrieved 2016-11-02.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "کتابخانه مدرسه فقاهت - دانشنامه جهان اسلام - موسسه دائرة المعارف الفقه الاسلامي". Retrieved 10 November 2016.
- ^ "کتابخانه مدرسه فقاهت - نشریه حوزه - دفتر تبلیغات اسلامی حوزه علمیه قم". Retrieved 10 November 2016.
- ^ Ali Naghih Zabih Zadeh. religious authority and political activity of Akhund Khorasani. Vol. 55. Imam khomeini Institution. p. 13.
{{cite book}}:|magazine=ignored (help) - ^ Sabri Ateş (2013). Ottoman-Iranian Borderlands: Making a Boundary. Cambridge University Press. p. 267. ISBN 978-1-107-03365-8.
- ^ Ghobadzadeh, Naser (2013). "Religious secularity". Philosophy & Social Criticism. 39 (10): 1005–1027. doi:10.1177/0191453713507014. S2CID 145583418.
- ^ Bayat, Mangol (1991). Iran's First Revolution: Shi'ism and the Constitutional Revolution of 1905-1909. Studies in Middle Eastern History. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. p. 232. ISBN 978-0-19-506822-1.
External links
edit- SHAIKH ABDALLĀH MĀZANDARĀNĪ, Encyclopedia Iranica