Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Abd Allah ibn al-Mubarak (Arabic: عَبْد اللَّه ٱبْن الْمُبَارَك, romanized: ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Mubārak; c. 726–797) was an 8th-century traditionalist[3] Sunni Muslim scholar and Hanafi jurist.[4] Known by the title Amir al-Mu'minin fi al-Hadith, he is considered a pious Muslim known for his memory and zeal for knowledge who was a muhaddith and was remembered for his asceticism.[5][6]
Abd Allah Ibn al-Mubarak | |
|---|---|
عَبْد اللَّه ٱبْن الْمُبَارَك | |
| Personal life | |
| Born | c. 726 |
| Died | 797 (aged 70–71) |
| Era | Islamic Golden Age |
| Region | Caliphate |
| Religious life | |
| Religion | Islam |
| Jurisprudence | Hanafi[1][2] |
| Teachers | |
Biography
editHis father, named Mubarak, was of Indian[7] or Turkic descent from Khurasan and became a Mawla or "client" of an Arab trader from the tribe of Banī Hanẓala in the city of Hamadhān. His mother was said to have been from Khwārizm.[8] Mubarak later married Hind, a trader's daughter.[8] Ibn al-Mubarak was born during the reign of Umayyad caliph Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik.
It is said that ʿAbdullāh left his hometown of Merv, and while living in Hamadhān, went on to visit and speak often in Baghdad.[5] Ahmad ibn Hanbal commented that there was no one more eager to travel to seek knowledge than Abdullah ibn Mubarak. His teachers included Sufyān al-Thawrī and Abū Hanīfa.[9] He wrote Kitāb al-Jihād, a collection of hadīth and sayings of the early Muslims on war, and Kitāb al-Zuhd wa al-Rāqa’iq, a book on asceticism. He was also known for defending Islamic borders (see ribat) on the frontiers of Tarsus and al-Massisah. He died in 797 at Hīt, near the Euphrates, during the reign of Harun al-Rashid.[9][10]
Works
editDescribed as a prolific writer,[11] his works, most are now lost, include:
- Kitab al-Arba'een – كتاب اﻷرﺑﻌﻴﻦ
- Kitab al-Jihad – كتاب الجهاد
- Kitab al-Isti'dhan – كتاب الإستئذان
- Kitab al-Birr & al-Silah – كتاب البر والصلة (Book on the virtues of piety, etiquettes and keeping ties)
- Kitab al-Tarikh – كتاب اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ (Book on History)
- Kitab al-Daqa'iq fi al-Raqa'iq – كتاب الدﻗﺎﺋﻖ في اﻟﺮﻗﺎﺋﻖ (Book on the heart-softeners)
- Kitab Riqa' al-Fatawa – كتاب رقاع اﻟﻔﺘﺎوى (Book on Islamic verdicts)
- Kitab al-Zuhd & al-Raqa'iq – كتاب اﻟﺰهﺪ واﻟﺮﻗﺎﻖ
- Kitab al-Sunan fil-Fiqh – آﺘبﺎ اﻟﺴﻨﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﻪ
- Kitab al-Musnad – كتاب المسند
- Kitab Tafsir al-Qur'an – كتاب تفسير القرآن
References
edit- ^ Robert Gleave; István Kristó-Nagy, eds. (2015). Violence in Islamic Thought from the Qur'an to the Mongols. Edinburgh University Press. p. 50. ISBN 9780748694242.
Hanafi literature, of course, celebrates Ibn al-Mubārak's admiration for, and dependence on, Abū Hanīfa – for example, our earliest extant biographical dictionary of Abū Hanīfa and the Hanafi school includes Ibn al-Mubārak among nine members of the generation of Abū Hanīfa's immediate disciples.
- ^ Feryal Salem (2016). The Emergence of Early Sufi Piety and Sunnī Scholasticism: ʿAbdallāh b. al-Mubārak and the Formation of Sunnī Identity in the Second Islamic Century. Vol. 125 of Islamic History and Civilization. Brill. p. 23. ISBN 9789004314481.
Ibn al-Mubarak may in fact have been a follower of Abū Hanifa's school of law; at the least, his legal reasoning was heavily influenced by Hanafi methodology.
- ^ Melchert, Christopher (1997). "Chapter 1: The Traditionalists of Iraq". The Formation of the Sunni Schools of Law, 9th-10th Centuries C.E. Koninklijke Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill Publishers. pp. 5–6. ISBN 90-04-10952-8.
- ^ Melchert, Christopher (1997). "Chapter 1: The Traditionalists of Iraq". The Formation of the Sunni Schools of Law, 9th-10th Centuries C.E. Koninklijke Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill Publishers. pp. 5–6. ISBN 90-04-10952-8.
- ^ a b Abu Nu'aym. Ḥilyat al-Awliyā’. p. v. 11 p. 389.
- ^ Ibn Hajr, Tahdhib al-Tahdhib (5/386).
- ^ al-Mubärakpürī, Abü al-Maʻälī Aṭhar (1958). Rijäl al-Sind wa-al-Hind (in Arabic). search.worldcat.org. p. 290. OCLC 23490555.
- ^ a b Abu Nu'aym. Ḥilyat al-Awliyā’. p. v. 11 p. 390.
- ^ a b Robson, J. Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Brill. p. Ibn al- Mubārak.
- ^ SALEM, FERYAL E. (2013). ‘ABD ALLĀH B. AL-MUBĀRAK BETWEEN ḤADĪTH, JIHĀD, AND ZUHD: AN EXPRESSION OF EARLY SUNNI IDENTITY IN THE FORMATIVE PERIOD. University of Chicago: Dissertation.
- ^ Alexander Knysh, Islamic Mysticism: A Short History, Brill (2015), p. 21
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