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2012 Andalusian regional election

(Redirected from 2012 Andalusian parliamentary election)

The 2012 Andalusian regional election was held on Sunday, 25 March 2012, to elect the 9th Parliament of the autonomous community of Andalusia. All 109 seats in the Parliament were up for election. The election was held simultaneously with a regional election in Asturias.

2012 Andalusian regional election
← 2008 25 March 2012 2015 →
All 109 seats in the Parliament of Andalusia
55 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
Registered6,392,620 Green arrow up2.6%
Turnout3,885,137 (60.8%)
Red arrow down11.9 pp
  First party Second party Third party
 
Leader Javier Arenas José Antonio Griñán Diego Valderas
Party PP PSOE–A IULV–CA
Leader since 18 April 2004 23 April 2009 10 October 2000
Leader's seat Almería Seville Huelva
Last election 47 seats, 38.5% 56 seats, 48.4% 6 seats, 7.1%
Seats won 50 47 12
Seat change Green arrow up3 Red arrow down9 Green arrow up6
Popular vote 1,570,833 1,527,923 438,372
Percentage 40.7% 39.6% 11.3%
Swing Green arrow up2.2 pp Red arrow down8.8 pp Green arrow up4.2 pp
Constituency results map for the Parliament of Andalusia
President before election

José Antonio Griñán
PSOE

Elected President

José Antonio Griñán
PSOE

Being a Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE–A) stronghold for decades, the People's Party (PP) had scored a decisive win in the region in the November 2011 general election and was widely expected to come out on top in the regional election for the first time in its history, with opinion polls suggesting it could win an absolute majority on its own. The election, however, came to be seen as the first major electoral test for the national government of Mariano Rajoy since coming to power in December 2011, with Rajoy's policies of raising taxes and the passing of a new, harsher labour reform having triggered a general strike for 29 March. Incumbent President José Antonio Griñán chose not to hold the election simultaneously with the 2011 general election, the first time since 1994 that both elections were not held at the same time.

Final results showed a surprising close race between the PP and the PSOE–A, the first emerging out on top but falling five seats short of an overall majority. In contrast, the PSOE–A held its own and retained 47 seats despite polls predicting a tougher defeat, allowing Griñán to remain in power through a coalition government with United Left (IULV–CA), which doubled its seat count from 6 to 12 and was placed in a "kingmaker" position.[1]

Overview

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Electoral system

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The Parliament of Andalusia was the devolved, unicameral legislature of the autonomous community of Andalusia, having legislative power in regional matters as defined by the Spanish Constitution and the Andalusian Statute of Autonomy, as well as the ability to vote confidence in or withdraw it from a regional president.[2] Voting for the Parliament was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals over 18 years of age, registered in Andalusia and in full enjoyment of their political rights. Amendments to the electoral law in 2011 required for Andalusians abroad to apply for voting before being permitted to vote, a system known as "begged" or expat vote (Spanish: Voto rogado).[3]

The 109 members of the Parliament of Andalusia were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with an electoral threshold of three percent of valid votes—which included blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Seats were allocated to constituencies, corresponding to the provinces of Almería, Cádiz, Córdoba, Granada, Huelva, Jaén, Málaga and Seville, with each being allocated an initial minimum of eight seats and the remaining 45 being distributed in proportion to their populations (provided that the number of seats in each province did not exceed two times that of any other).[2][4]

As a result of the aforementioned allocation, each Parliament constituency was entitled the following seats:

Seats Constituencies
18 Seville
17 Málaga(+1)
15 Cádiz
13 Granada
12 Almería, Córdoba
11 Huelva, Jaén(–1)

The use of the electoral method resulted in an effective threshold based on the district magnitude and the distribution of votes among candidacies.[5]

Election date

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The term of the Parliament of Andalusia expired four years after the date of its previous election, unless it was dissolved earlier. The election decree was required to be issued no later than the twenty-fifth day prior to the date of expiry of parliament and published on the following day in the Official Gazette of the Regional Government of Andalusia (BOJA), with election day taking place on the fifty-fourth day from publication barring any date within from 1 July to 31 August. The previous election was held on 9 March 2008, which meant that the legislature's term would have expired on 9 March 2012. The election decree was required to be published in the BOJA no later than 14 February 2012, with the election taking place on the fifty-fourth day from publication, setting the latest possible election date for the Parliament on Sunday, 8 April 2012.[2][4][6]

The president had the prerogative to dissolve the Parliament of Andalusia and call a snap election, provided that no motion of no confidence was in process and that dissolution did not occur before one year had elapsed since the previous one. In the event of an investiture process failing to elect a regional president within a two-month period from the first ballot, the Parliament was to be automatically dissolved and a fresh election called.[2][7]

Several dates were considered for the election. Initially scheduled for either 4 or 18 March, the result of the general election on 20 November 2011 made it advisable for Griñán to push the date further away to the last Sunday of March, in order to push the legislature to the limit and distance himself from the November election result.[8][9] This marked the first time since 1994 that an Andalusian regional election was not held concurrently with a Spanish general election, as then-Prime Minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero had announced a general election—initially scheduled for March 2012—four months ahead of schedule, on 20 November 2011, whereas Griñán chose not to follow suit and to maintain the date of the regional election for early 2012.[10]

Background

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The 2008 election had seen Manuel Chaves secure a sixth term in office as president of the Regional Government of Andalusia, having governed the autonomous community uninterruptedly during the previous 18 years. However, Chaves's long tenure had already started taking a toll on his popularity in opinion polls, and in April 2009 he vacated the regional presidency in order to become third deputy prime minister in the second government of José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero. José Antonio Griñán, second vice president of the Andalusian government since 2008 and regional minister for Economy and Finance since 2004, succeeded Chaves at the helm of the regional government.

During Griñán's term, his party had to deal with the worsening economic situation resulting from the financial crisis affecting Spain since 2008, with rising unemployment reaching record heights and traditional savings banks being dismantled for being economically unsustainable.[11] The PSOE–A also had to cope with the political fallout resulting from the ERE scandal, a corruption scheme involving the ruling party, as well as the Workers' Commissions (CCOO) and General Union of Workers (UGT) trade unions, which saw irregular payments to politicians, civil servants and companies aligned to the PSOE in exchange for loyalties and favours meant to sustain the party in power. Those payments were charged to an economic fund intended to support companies with problems—more specifically, those that were forced to undergo "Employment Regulation Procedures" (in Spanish, Expedientes de Regulación de Empleo or ERE, terminology that gave the scandal its name)—. The scandal first came under investigation in January 2011, and by the time of the 2012 regional election judicial inquiries reached out to government officers and renown figures.[12]

The opposition People's Party (PP) of Mariano Rajoy won a resounding victory in the 2011 general election in Andalusia, winning in both seats and popular vote for the first time ever in this autonomous community since the Spanish transition to democracy: the PP obtained 1,985,612 votes (45.57%) and 33 seats to Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE–A)'s 1,594,893 votes (36.60%) and 25 seats, after losing 800,000 votes and 11 seats from those won in the 2008 general election. United Left (IULV–CA) won 2 seats from Seville and Málaga and 8.27% of the share with 360,212 votes. Results projections based on the results of the general election gave the PP an absolute majority with 58 seats—out of 109 up for election—, with the PSOE in a distant second place with 43 seats. IULV–CA would keep its 6 seats on the projections while Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) could enter the Parliament of Andalusia with 2 seats. Had those results been confirmed, it would have meant the end of a 30 year-long hegemony of Socialist rule in the community, the party having been in power since the creation of the Andalusian autonomous community.[13]

The regularly scheduled 2012 election in Andalusia, which was unexpectedly joined by a snap election in Asturias, came to be seen as the first major electoral test for the national government of Mariano Rajoy since coming to power in December 2011.[14] Rajoy's policies of raising taxes and the passing of a new, harsher labour reform had triggered a general strike scheduled for 29 March.[15][16]

Parliamentary composition

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The Parliament of Andalusia was officially dissolved on 31 January 2012, after the publication of the dissolution decree in the Official Gazette of the Regional Government of Andalusia.[17] The table below shows the composition of the parliamentary groups in the chamber at the time of dissolution.[18]

Parliamentary composition in January 2015
Groups Parties Legislators
Seats Total
Socialist Parliamentary Group PSOE–A 56 56
Andalusian People's Parliamentary Group PP 47 47
United Left/The Greens Parliamentary Group IULV–CA 6 6

Parties and candidates

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The electoral law allowed for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call, whereas groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they sought election, disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates.[4][6]

Below is a list of the main parties and electoral alliances which contested the election:

Candidacy Parties and
alliances 		Leading candidate Ideology Previous result Gov. Ref.
Votes (%) Seats
PSOE–A
List
   José Antonio Griñán Social democracy 48.41% 56  Y [19]
[20]
PP
List
   Javier Arenas Conservatism
Christian democracy 		38.45% 47  N [21]
[22]
IULV–CA
List
   Diego Valderas Socialism
Communism 		7.06% 6  N [23]
PA
List
   Pilar González Andalusian nationalism
Social democracy 		2.76%[a] 0  N
UPyD
List
   Martín de la Herrán Social liberalism
Radical centrism 		0.62% 0  N

Campaign

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Party slogans

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Party or alliance Original slogan English translation Ref.
PSOE–A « Andalucía, por el camino seguro » "Andalusia, through the safe way" [24]
PP « El cambio andaluz » "The Andalusian change" [24]
IULV–CA « Rebélate! » "Rebel!" [24]
PA « PAlante » "Forward" [24]
UPyD « Lo que nos une » "What unites us" [24]

Election debates

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2012 Andalusian regional election debates
Date Organisers Moderator(s)     P  Present[b]    A  Absent invitee 
PSOE–A PP IULV–CA Audience Ref.
12 March Canal Sur Mabel Mata P
Griñán 		A P
Valderas 		10.1%
(358,000) 		[25]
[26]

Opinion polls

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The tables below list opinion polling results in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a poll.

Graphical summary

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Local regression trend line of poll results from 9 March 2008 to 25 March 2012, with each line corresponding to a political party.

Voting intention estimates

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The table below lists weighted voting intention estimates. Refusals are generally excluded from the party vote percentages, while question wording and the treatment of "don't know" responses and those not intending to vote may vary between polling organisations. When available, seat projections determined by the polling organisations are displayed below (or in place of) the percentages in a smaller font; 55 seats were required for an absolute majority in the Parliament of Andalusia.

Color key:

  Exit poll

Voting preferences

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The table below lists raw, unweighted voting preferences.

Victory preferences

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The table below lists opinion polling on the victory preferences for each party in the event of a regional election taking place.

Victory likelihood

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The table below lists opinion polling on the perceived likelihood of victory for each party in the event of a regional election taking place.

Preferred President

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The table below lists opinion polling on leader preferences to become president of the Regional Government of Andalusia.

Predicted President

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The table below lists opinion polling on the perceived likelihood for each leader to become president.

Voter turnout

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The table below shows registered vote turnout on election day without including voters from the Census of Absent-Residents (CERA).

Province Time
14:00 18:00 20:00
2008 2012 +/– 2008 2012 +/– 2008 2012 +/–
Almería 40.32% 29.23% –11.09 60.52% 45.97% –14.55 74.66% 60.51% –14.15
Cádiz 37.19% 25.76% –11.43 55.85% 41.86% –13.99 68.12% 54.29% –13.83
Córdoba 39.91% 31.85% –8.06 60.88% 50.23% –10.65 76.62% 66.50% –10.12
Granada 39.98% 30.86% –9.12 61.01% 49.43% –11.58 75.89% 65.43% –10.46
Huelva 36.24% 27.02% –9.22 55.62% 44.13% –11.49 70.40% 60.84% –9.56
Jaén 38.97% 32.90% –6.07 61.25% 52.36% –8.89 79.26% 70.74% –8.52
Málaga 39.93% 28.09% –11.84 59.49% 44.67% –14.82 72.31% 58.05% –14.26
Seville 36.26% 29.97% –6.29 60.72% 49.54% –11.18 74.38% 64.93% –9.45
Total 39.07% 29.30% –9.77 59.51% 47.21% –12.30 73.65% 62.23% –11.42
Sources[27]

Results

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Overall

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← Summary of the 25 March 2012 Parliament of Andalusia election results →
 
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
People's Party (PP) 1,570,833 40.67 +2.22 50 +3
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia (PSOE–A) 1,527,923 39.56 –8.85 47 –9
United Left/The Greens–Assembly for Andalusia (IULV–CA) 438,372 11.35 +4.29 12 +6
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 129,407 3.35 +2.73 0 ±0
Andalusian Party (PA)1 96,770 2.51 –0.25 0 ±0
Equo (Equo) 20,383 0.53 New 0 ±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 8,781 0.23 New 0 ±0
Blank Seats (EB) 5,660 0.15 New 0 ±0
Hartos.org (Hartos.org) 4,966 0.13 New 0 ±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 4,119 0.11 +0.05 0 ±0
We Won't Pay this Crisis (ECNP) 2,680 0.07 New 0 ±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 2,407 0.06 +0.02 0 ±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 1,704 0.04 New 0 ±0
Andalusian Platform–Citizen Forum (FC) 1,634 0.04 New 0 ±0
Liberal Democratic Centre (CDL) 1,406 0.04 New 0 ±0
Regionalist Party for Eastern Andalusia (PRAO) 1,071 0.03 New 0 ±0
Internationalist Solidarity and Self-Management (SAIn) 1,040 0.03 –0.03 0 ±0
Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) 1,026 0.03 New 0 ±0
Humanist Party (PH) 896 0.02 –0.07 0 ±0
Andalusian Horticulture Party (PHAN) 832 0.02 New 0 ±0
Socialists and Republicans (SyR) 787 0.02 New 0 ±0
Andalusian Convergence (CAnda) 762 0.02 –0.15 0 ±0
Spanish Alternative (AES) 653 0.02 New 0 ±0
Citizens of Democratic Centre (CCD) 643 0.02 New 0 ±0
Republican Social Movement (MSR) 628 0.02 New 0 ±0
Democratic Majority (MD) 515 0.01 New 0 ±0
Family and Life Party (PFyV) 408 0.01 –0.01 0 ±0
Engine and Sports Alternative (AMD) 362 0.01 New 0 ±0
Andalusian Social Democratic Party (PSDA) 345 0.01 –0.02 0 ±0
Group and Union for the Progress of Almeria (AUPAL) 216 0.01 New 0 ±0
Andalusian Nationalist People (PNdeA) 156 0.00 New 0 ±0
Regionalist Call for Andalusia (CReA) 146 0.00 New 0 ±0
Andalusian Solidary Independent Republican Party (RISA) 135 0.00 New 0 ±0
Blank ballots 35,081 0.91 –0.15
Total 3,862,747 109 ±0
Valid votes 3,862,747 99.42 +0.05
Invalid votes 22,390 0.58 –0.05
Votes cast / turnout 3,885,137 60.78 –11.89
Abstentions 2,507,483 39.22 +11.89
Registered voters 6,392,620
Sources[18][28][29]
Footnotes:
  • 1 Andalusian Party results are compared to Andalusian Coalition totals in the 2008 election.
Popular vote
PP
 
 40.67%
PSOE–A
 
 39.56%
IULV–CA
 
 11.35%
UPyD
 
 3.35%
PA
 
 2.51%
Others
 
 1.67%
Blank ballots
 
 0.91%
Seats
PP
 
 45.87%
PSOE–A
 
 43.12%
IULV–CA
 
 11.01%

Distribution by constituency

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Constituency PP PSOE–A IULV–CA
% S % S % S
Almería 51.2 7 35.4 4 7.1 1
Cádiz 40.5 7 35.6 6 12.7 2
Córdoba 39.7 5 38.9 5 13.3 2
Granada 43.5 6 39.5 6 10.0 1
Huelva 38.6 5 43.4 5 10.9 1
Jaén 41.1 5 44.5 5 8.8 1
Málaga 43.7 8 35.3 7 12.2 2
Seville 35.3 7 43.1 9 12.2 2
Total 40.7 50 39.6 47 11.3 12
Sources[18][28][29]

Aftermath

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Government formation

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Further information: Second government of José Antonio Griñán

On 3 May 2012, as a result of the PSOE–IU coalition agreement, José Antonio Griñán was re-elected as regional President. One IU deputy, Juan Manuel Sánchez Gordillo, cast an invalid vote in protest for not being able to elect a candidate of his own party.

Investiture
José Antonio Griñán (PSOE–A)
Ballot → 3 May 2012[c]
Required majority → 55 out of 109  Y
Yes
58 / 109
No
  • • PP (50)
50 / 109
Abstentions
0 / 109
Absentees
0 / 109
Sources[18]

2013 investiture

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Further information: First government of Susana Díaz

In July 2013, President Griñán announced he was resigning from his office. As regional minister Susana Díaz was the only person able to gather the required endorsements to run in the primary election that was held to elect Griñán's successor, she was unanimously proclaimed as the party's candidate for the Presidency of the Regional Government of Andalusia. As a result, on 5 September 2013 the Parliament of Andalusia elected Díaz as new regional premier.

Investiture
Susana Díaz (PSOE–A)
Ballot → 5 September 2013[d]
Required majority → 55 out of 109  Y
Yes
58 / 109
No
  • • PP (48)
48 / 109
Abstentions
0 / 109
Absentees
  • • PP (2)
2 / 109
Sources[18]

Notes

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  1. ^ Results for CA in the 2008 election.
  2. ^ Denotes a main invitee attending the event.
  3. ^ 1 IULV–CA MP cast an invalid ballot.
  4. ^ 1 IULV–CA MP did not cast any ballot.

References

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Opinion poll sources
  1. ^ "El PP roza la mayoría absoluta en Andalucía, según el sondeo de Ipsos". Canal Sur (in Spanish). 25 March 2012.
  2. ^ "El PP roza la mayoría absoluta, según el sondeo de Canal Sur". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). 25 March 2012.
  3. ^ a b "El PP ganará el domingo por mayoría absoluta pese al leve repunte de Griñán". Libertad Digital (in Spanish). 19 March 2012.
  4. ^ "El PP de Arenas se mueve en el entorno de la mayoría absoluta" (PDF). Diario Jaén (in Spanish). 19 March 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 6 March 2015.
  5. ^ "El PP sigue sin amarrar la mayoría absoluta a una semana de los comicios". El Mundo (in Spanish). 18 March 2012.
  6. ^ a b "Victoria clara del PP en Andalucía". El País (in Spanish). 17 March 2012.
  7. ^ "Victoria clara del PP en Andalucía (El País)". Electómetro (in Spanish). 18 March 2012. Archived from the original on 6 April 2012. Retrieved 8 August 2021.
  8. ^ "Arenas arrebata al PSOE 245.000 votantes para su mayoría absoluta". La Razón (in Spanish). 19 March 2012. Archived from the original on 21 March 2012.
  9. ^ "El PP aventaja en 10 puntos al PSOE y consigue la mayoría absoluta (La Razón)". Electómetro (in Spanish). 19 March 2012. Archived from the original on 22 April 2012. Retrieved 8 August 2021.
  10. ^ a b c d e "El PP alcanza la mayoría absoluta en Andalucía". Cadena SER (in Spanish). 16 March 2012.
  11. ^ "Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía. Resultados Encuesta. Marzo 2012" (PDF). Instituto de Opinión 2000 (in Spanish). 16 March 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 June 2012.
  12. ^ a b "Arenas afianza su mayoría absoluta". ABC Sevilla (in Spanish). 18 March 2012.
  13. ^ "Ni Sevilla resiste la marea del PP". ABC Sevilla (in Spanish). 18 March 2012.
  14. ^ "Arenas ganará en Andalucía por mayoría absoluta". Intereconomía (in Spanish). 18 March 2012. Archived from the original on 19 March 2012.
  15. ^ "PP-A ganaría por mayoría absoluta con 56-58 escaños y 9,4 puntos sobre el PSOE-A, según una encuesta de GAD3". Europa Press (in Spanish). 9 March 2012.
  16. ^ "El PP andaluz supera al PSOE en 9,4 puntos (GAD3)". Electómetro (in Spanish). 12 March 2012. Archived from the original on 14 April 2012. Retrieved 8 August 2021.
  17. ^ "El PSOE pierde 662.000 votantes". La Razón (in Spanish). 12 March 2012. Archived from the original on 14 March 2012.
  18. ^ "El PP andaluz capta 250.000 votos del PSOE (La Razón)". Electómetro (in Spanish). 12 March 2012. Archived from the original on 15 April 2012. Retrieved 8 August 2021.
  19. ^ "El PP de Javier Arenas se sitúa en el umbral de la mayoría absoluta". Diario de Sevilla (in Spanish). 11 March 2012.
  20. ^ "El PSOE recorta distancias en Andalucía (Grupo Joly)". Electómetro (in Spanish). 12 March 2012. Archived from the original on 14 March 2012. Retrieved 8 August 2021.
  21. ^ a b c d e "Preelectoral elecciones autonómicas 2012. Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía (Estudio nº 2931. Febrero 2012)" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 8 March 2012.
  22. ^ "El sondeo del CIS no garantiza al PP la conquista de Andalucía". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 9 March 2012.
  23. ^ "El PP tiene en su mano la mayoría absoluta a un mes de los comicios". El Mundo (in Spanish). 28 February 2012.
  24. ^ a b c "Encuesta preelectoral Andalucía. Febrero 2012" (PDF). GESPA (in Spanish). 27 February 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 August 2014.
  25. ^ "El PP consolida la mayoría absoluta". ABC Sevilla (in Spanish). 28 February 2012.
  26. ^ "El PP ganaría en todas las provincias menos en Sevilla". ABC Sevilla (in Spanish). 29 February 2012.
  27. ^ "Un sondeo rebaja las opciones de Arenas de lograr la mayoría absoluta" (PDF). El Correo de Andalucía (in Spanish). 28 February 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 July 2014.
  28. ^ "Un sondeo del PP le da la mayoría absoluta con 9,5 puntos sobre el PSOE". Diario de Sevilla (in Spanish). 27 February 2012.
  29. ^ "El PP conquista Sevilla ante el descalabro de Griñán". La Razón (in Spanish). 14 February 2012. Archived from the original on 15 February 2012.
  30. ^ "Arenas tumba a Griñán". La Razón (in Spanish). 30 January 2012. Archived from the original on 1 February 2012.
  31. ^ "Cinco partidos podrían entrar en el Parlamento Andaluz (La Razón)". Electómetro (in Spanish). 30 January 2012. Archived from the original on 5 March 2012. Retrieved 8 August 2021.
  32. ^ a b "El hundimiento del PSOE consolida la mayoría absoluta del PP en Andalucía". ABC (in Spanish). 3 February 2012.
  33. ^ "La mayoría absoluta de Arenas pende de dos escaños". Libertad Digital (in Spanish). 22 January 2012.
  34. ^ "El PP conseguiría una ajustada mayoría absoluta en Andalucía (Libertad Digital)". Electómetro (in Spanish). 24 January 2012. Archived from the original on 1 February 2012. Retrieved 8 August 2021.
  35. ^ a b "Estudio General de Opinión Pública de Andalucía. EGOPA Otoño 2011" (PDF). CADPEA (in Spanish). 12 January 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 June 2012.
  36. ^ "El escenario más probable en Andalucía es una mayoría absoluta del PP". Electómetro (in Spanish). 20 January 2012. Archived from the original on 23 January 2012. Retrieved 8 August 2021.
  37. ^ "Barómetro Joly de Opinión Pública en Andalucía: resultados acumulados a octubre de 2011 (9ª ola)" (PDF). Commentia (in Spanish). 6 November 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 November 2011.
  38. ^ "Andaluzas: Arenas le saca 14,6 puntos a Griñan (Grupo Joly)". Electómetro (in Spanish). 6 November 2011. Archived from the original on 28 December 2011. Retrieved 8 August 2021.
  39. ^ a b c d "Barómetro de Opinión Pública de Andalucía. Noviembre, 2011" (PDF). IESA (in Spanish). 30 November 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 January 2018. Retrieved 5 January 2018.
  40. ^ "Javier Arenas ganaría las próximas elecciones al Parlamento de Andalucía (IESA)". Electómetro (in Spanish). 30 November 2011. Archived from the original on 8 January 2012. Retrieved 8 August 2021.
  41. ^ "Maquillan un sondeo oficial para que Griñán supere a Arenas en valoración". ABC Sevilla (in Spanish). 29 July 2011.
  42. ^ "Otra encuesta, la primera tras el 22M, da al PP mayoría absoluta". ABC Sevilla (in Spanish). 24 July 2011.
  43. ^ a b "Estudio General de Opinión Pública de Andalucía. EGOPA Verano 2011" (PDF). CADPEA (in Spanish). 29 July 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2011.
  44. ^ a b "Una encuesta interna del PSOE da al PP 7 puntos de ventaja en Andalucía". El Correo de Andalucía (in Spanish). 28 July 2011.
  45. ^ "El PP amarra la mayoría pero frena su ascenso". El Mundo (in Spanish). 26 April 2011.
  46. ^ "El Mundo 25-27 de Abril 2011". El Mundo (in Spanish). 25 April 2011.
  47. ^ "El PP ganaría con mayoría absoluta en Andalucía (El Mundo)". Electómetro (in Spanish). 26 April 2011. Archived from the original on 29 April 2011. Retrieved 8 August 2021.
  48. ^ a b "El PP ganaría por mayoría absoluta en Andalucía tras 30 años de autonomía". El País (in Spanish). 28 February 2011.
  49. ^ "Vuelco electoral en Andalucía tras 30 años de gobierno socialista (El País)". Electómetro (in Spanish). 28 February 2011. Archived from the original on 3 March 2011. Retrieved 8 August 2021.
  50. ^ a b c "El PP saca siete puntos al PSOE y consolida sus opciones de gobernar". ABC Sevilla (in Spanish). 28 February 2011.
  51. ^ "El PP saca siete puntos al PSOE y consolida sus opciones de gobernar". ABC (in Spanish). 28 February 2011.
  52. ^ "El PP dobla la ventaja sobre el PSOE en un año y se sitúa en la mayoría absoluta". La Voz de Cádiz (in Spanish). 27 February 2011.
  53. ^ "El PP dobla la ventaja sobre el PSOE en un año y se sitúa en la mayoría absoluta". Diario Sur (in Spanish). 27 February 2011.
  54. ^ "El PP acrecienta la diferencia con el PSOE y lo deja a 10,2 puntos". Diario de Sevilla (in Spanish). 27 February 2011.
  55. ^ "Arenas amplía su ventaja sobre Griñán (Barómetro grupo Joly)". Electómetro (in Spanish). 27 February 2011. Archived from the original on 28 February 2011. Retrieved 8 August 2021.
  56. ^ "El PP obtendría la mayoría absoluta en Andalucía (Gespa)". Electómetro (in Spanish). 21 February 2011. Archived from the original on 25 February 2011. Retrieved 8 August 2021.
  57. ^ "Instantáneas de la Sociedad Andaluza. Febrero, 2011" (PDF). CEPES–A (in Spanish). 21 February 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2011.
  58. ^ "Otra encuesta sitúa a Arenas al filo de la mayoría absoluta y al PSOE en caída libre". ABC Sevilla (in Spanish). 22 February 2011.
  59. ^ "El PP conquista los grandes feudos de los socialistas". La Razón (in Spanish). 22 January 2011. Archived from the original on 5 March 2011. Retrieved 6 May 2013.
  60. ^ "El PP, a un paso de la mayoría absoluta en Andalucía y Castilla La Mancha (La Razón)". Electómetro (in Spanish). 22 January 2011. Archived from the original on 26 January 2011. Retrieved 8 August 2021.
  61. ^ "El PP de Arenas obtiene una mayoría absoluta más sólida que la del PSOE". El Mundo (in Spanish). 8 January 2011.
  62. ^ "Vuelco andaluz (El Mundo)". Electómetro (in Spanish). 8 January 2011. Archived from the original on 11 January 2011. Retrieved 8 August 2021.
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  65. ^ "El PP sostiene que la encuesta del IESA le otorgaría 58 escaños". ABC Sevilla (in Spanish). 23 December 2010.
  66. ^ "El giro político de Zapatero apenas recorta la ventaja del PP andaluz". Diario de Sevilla (in Spanish). 7 November 2010.
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  68. ^ "Un nuevo sondeo da al PP-A la mayoría absoluta por cuarta vez consecutiva". ABC Sevilla (in Spanish). 4 October 2010.
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  72. ^ "El PP rompe el empate con creces y adelanta al PSOE en siete puntos". Diario de Sevilla (in Spanish). 27 June 2010.
  73. ^ "El PP llega a las puertas de la Junta al lograr por primera vez mayoría absoluta". ABC Sevilla (in Spanish). 21 June 2010.
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  76. ^ "El PP no pasa del empate técnico en Andalucía". Diario de Sevilla (in Spanish). 27 February 2010.
  77. ^ "El PP supera al PSOE en 3,9 puntos y lograría una amplia mayoría". La Voz de Cádiz (in Spanish). 28 February 2010.
  78. ^ "El PP gana al PSOE por 2,1 puntos y se queda a tres escaños de la mayoría absoluta". ABC Sevilla (in Spanish). 21 February 2010.
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  80. ^ "Una maratón con 'foto finish'". El Correo de Andalucía (in Spanish). 20 February 2010.
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  82. ^ "Un nuevo sondeo da al PP como vencedor en las elecciones autonómicas". ABC Sevilla (in Spanish). 16 February 2010.
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  84. ^ "El PP ganaría hoy por primera vez al PSOE en las elecciones andaluzas". ABC (in Spanish). 16 January 2010.
  85. ^ "El desgaste de Zapatero y la respuesta a la crisis contagian al PSOE andaluz". Diario de Sevilla (in Spanish). 18 October 2009.
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  87. ^ "El PSOE le sigue sacando 6,5 puntos al PP a pesar de la marcha de su líder". Diario de Sevilla (in Spanish). 28 June 2009.
  88. ^ "Un sondeo del PP le sitúa a 1,3 puntos del PSOE en intención de voto". ABC Sevilla (in Spanish). 4 July 2009.
  89. ^ "Un sondeo da mayoría absoluta al PSOE andaluz". El País (in Spanish). 22 June 2009.
  90. ^ "Ligero desgaste del PSOE y mejora del PP". La Voz de Cádiz (in Spanish). 28 February 2009.
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  92. ^ a b "El PP se sitúa a un punto del PSOE en Andalucía". El País (in Spanish). 28 February 2009.
  93. ^ "El PSOE le sigue sacando siete puntos al PP a pesar de la crisis". Diario de Sevilla (in Spanish). 28 February 2009.
  94. ^ a b "El PSOE pierde su mayoría absoluta por la subida del PP, que se sitúa a sólo tres puntos". ABC Sevilla (in Spanish). 28 February 2009.
  95. ^ "El PSOE baja tres puntos en intención de voto mientras el PP sigue subiendo". ABC Sevilla (in Spanish). 24 February 2009.
  96. ^ "Un sondeo del PP apunta el empate". El País (in Spanish). 10 January 2009.
  97. ^ "Un sondeo del PP lo sitúa en "empate técnico" con el PSOE en las autonómicas". ABC Sevilla (in Spanish). 10 January 2009.
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  100. ^ "La crisis castiga a Chaves, aunque volvería a ganar por mayoría absoluta". El País (in Spanish). 10 January 2009.
  101. ^ "El PSOE andaluz aventaja en 6,2 puntos al PP en intención de voto". Diario de Sevilla (in Spanish). 9 January 2009.
  102. ^ "El PSOE apenas sufre el efecto de la crisis". Diario de Sevilla (in Spanish). 19 October 2008.
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  104. ^ a b "Probabilidad de que gane el PP las próximas elecciones andaluzas". ABC Sevilla (in Spanish). 28 February 2011.
  105. ^ "Para salir de la crisis". ABC Sevilla (in Spanish). 21 June 2010.
Other
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  3. ^ Reig Pellicer, Naiara (16 December 2015). "Spanish elections: Begging for the right to vote". cafebabel.co.uk. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
  4. ^ a b c Ley 1/1986, de 2 de enero, Electoral de Andalucía (Law 1) (in Spanish). 2 January 1986. Retrieved 16 September 2017.
  5. ^ Gallagher, Michael (30 July 2012). "Effective threshold in electoral systems". Trinity College, Dublin. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
  6. ^ a b Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General (Organic Law 5) (in Spanish). 19 June 1985. Retrieved 28 December 2016.
  7. ^ Ley 6/2006, de 24 de octubre, del Gobierno de la Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía (Law 6) (in Spanish). 24 October 2006. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
  8. ^ "Las elecciones andaluzas serán el 4 de marzo de 2012". El País (in Spanish). Seville. 1 February 2011. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
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  10. ^ "Griñán no adelantará las autonómicas en Andalucía". Diario Vasco (in Spanish). Seville. EFE. 29 July 2011. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
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  12. ^ Moreno, Silvia. "Cronología del caso ERE". El Mundo (in Spanish). Retrieved 23 January 2022.
  13. ^ "El PP se haría con la Junta de Andalucía con los resultados de las generales". Libertad Digital (in Spanish). 22 November 2011. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
  14. ^ Díez, Anabel (23 March 2012). "El test de Rajoy y Rubalcaba". El País (in Spanish). Retrieved 23 January 2022.
  15. ^ Gómez, Manuel Vicente (10 February 2012). "La reforma facilita y abarata el despido". El País (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
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