The 1972 Olympics Black Power salute was a political protest by two U.S. Olympic runners, Vincent Matthews and Wayne Collett, during the medal ceremony for the Men's 400 metres at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany. This event is sometimes referred to as "The Forgotten Protest".[1] It came four years after the 1968 Olympics Black Power salute.[2]
Before the Games
editMatthews was a 1968 Olympian who had retired.[3] He was frustrated by problems that included having to pay for his own travel to the US trials.[4]
Protest
editIn the Men's 400 metres, Matthews won gold and Collett won silver.
During the medal ceremony, both runners refused to stand at attention for the US national anthem.[5] They subsequently stroked their beards, and twirled their medals as they left the stadium.[5] The German crowd booed both runners for their display.[6]
Media reaction
editThe Associated Press described the casual behavior of Matthews and Collett during the playing of the anthem as "disrespectful," and described the event as follows:
Collett, bare-footed, leaped from the No. 2 tier to the No. 1 stand beside his teammate. They stood sideways to the flag, twirling their medals, with Matthews stroking his chin. Their shoulders slumped, neither stood erect nor looked at the flag. ... As whistles and catcalls continued, Collett raised a clenched fist to the crowd before entering the portal of the dressing room.[7]
Robert Markus reported in the Chicago Tribune on September 9, 1972:[8]
[Matthews] was angry at Coach Bill Bowerman—as most of the U.S. trackmen seem to be—because Bowerman had hinted he would like to remove him from the place he had earned in the 400-meter field. He was angry that he had been forced to train on his own in unsuitable facilities, had to travel 4 or 5 times from N.Y. to the west coast in order to get any kind of competition, and had been put down by some of the press as a drag on America's hopes for a 400-meter sweep.
The Chicago Tribune further reported:[9]
Matthews said his and Collett's actions were directed at the U.S. coaching staff, not the flag or the National Anthem. "We were just mad about a lot of things. We didn't think it would blow up like this. We were asked to apologize. I'm not really sorry for what I did. I'm sorry for the way people took it [hoots and whistles from the stands when the anthem finished]. What I tried to get across to the Olympic Committee was if it was pre-meditated I could have done something better than that. It was just something that happened. We didn't realize the implications to the people in the stands."
In an interview after the medal ceremony with the American Broadcasting Company, Collett said the national anthem meant nothing to him.[10] He explained that he had felt unable to honor the anthem, because of the struggle faced by African Americans at the time: "I couldn't stand there and sing the words because I don't believe they're true. I wish they were. I believe we have the potential to have a beautiful country, but I don't think we do." The pair were banned from future Olympic competition by the International Olympic Committee (IOC). IOC president Avery Brundage deemed it to be a domestic political statement unfit for the apolitical, international forum the Olympic Games were intended to be.[11] Since John Smith had pulled a hamstring 80 meters into the final while leading and had been ruled unfit to run, the U.S. were now unable to field a team in the 4 × 400 meter relay and were forced to scratch from the event.[6]
Athlete statements
editMatthews stated:
I wasn't acting any differently than I usually do, but we were like goldfish in a fishbowl, in front of all those people. If they wanted me to stand at attention, I could've probably done that, but it wouldn't be me, and I was led to believe that the Olympics was for the athlete. We consider ourselves athletes, not politicians, or marching bands. Our athletic competition was over, and we were both happy.[12]
After the Games
editBoth runners received a life ban from the IOC.[13][5] This ban also forced the US to scratch from the 4 × 400 meter relay, where the Americans would have been favored to win.[6][14]
Both runners were eventually elected to the Black Olympian Hall of Fame.[15][11] This display by the athletes would be overshadowed by the Munich massacre.[11]
Collett went on to become a lawyer.[11]
In 2011, Matthews was elected to the USATF Hall of Fame.[16]
In December 2022, the life bans were lifted by the IOC: while Matthews was still alive at the time, Collett died of cancer in 2010.[17]
References
edit- ^ Jimson Lee (February 2011). "Vince Matthews and Wayne Collett 1972 – The Forgotten Protest?". SpeedEndurance.com.
- ^ James Montague (24 April 2012). "The third man: The forgotten Black Power hero". CNN.
- ^ "Vince Matthews". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Archived from the original on 2020-04-17.
- ^ Hartmann, D. (2004). Race, Culture, and the Revolt of the Black Athlete: The 1968 Olympic Protests and Their Aftermath. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-31855-4. Retrieved 2015-04-17.
- ^ a b c Schiller, K.; Young, C. (2010). The 1972 Munich Olympics and the Making of Modern Germany. Weimar and now. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-26213-3. Retrieved 2015-04-17.
- ^ a b c "Wayne Collett dies at 60; UCLA sprinter won silver medal at '72 Olympics". Los Angeles Times. California. 17 March 2010.
- ^ "Milburn, Matthews Win Gold, But U.S. Trails". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. September 8, 1972.
- ^ "Chicago Tribune - Historical Newspapers". 29 April 2024.
- ^ "Chicago Tribune - Historical Newspapers". 29 April 2024.
- ^ Chuck Johnson (September 8, 1972). "Matthews, Collett Barred for Conduct on Victory Stand". The Milwaukee Journal. Archived from the original on October 27, 2018. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
- ^ a b c d "Wayne Collett: Athlete who staged a Black Power protest at the 1972 Olympic Games". The Independent. 27 April 2010.
- ^ "ESPN.com - Page2 - Violating the Olympic spirit". go.com.
- ^ "Jet". google.com. 19 April 1973. Retrieved 17 April 2015.
- ^ "400 metres, Men". Olympedia. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
- ^ Earl g. Graves, Ltd (October 1983). "Black Enterprise". google.com.
- ^ "USATF - Hall of Fame". usatf.org.
- ^ "IOC rescinds life ban on American sprinters". 11 December 2022.