102/35 su Fiat 634N

The 102/35 on Fiat 634N was an anti aircraft truck used by the Regia Marina during the Second World War.

102/35 on Fiat 634N
102/35 on Fiat 634N damaged and abandoned, captured by Britain
Type	Anti aircraft truck
Place of origin	Italy
Service history
In service	1941-1942
Wars	Second World War
Production history
Manufacturer	Fiat
Produced	1941
No. built	7 units
Specifications
Mass	6.2 t
Length	7.6 m
Width	2.3 m
Height	3.25 m
Crew	8
Caliber	102mm
Elevation	90°
Traverse	360°
Main armament	102/35 SA Mod. 1914
Engine	Fiat 355C with 6 cylinders inline, 8355 cm3 80 hp (60 kW) @ 1900rpm
Power/weight	12.9 hp/t
Transmission	4 × 2
Fuel capacity	150 L
Operational range	420 km
Maximum speed	41 km/h

History

The 102/35 on SPA 9000, produced since 1914 and used during the Great War, was the first Italian gun truck, obtained from the installation on a truck of an anti-aircraft naval gun, designed for cruisers. After the end of the First World War, the trucks were disassembled and the guns were returned to Regia Marina. In 1941 the Fiat Tripoli plant set up seven gun trucks on the chassis of the Fiat 634 N for the Regia Marina, using 102/35 S.A. (Schneider Ansaldo) guns taken from the defenses of Benghazi. With these means two mobile batteries were created, the 1st and 6th, served by personnel of the Maritime Artillery Militia of the Blackshirts, together with some old naval guns of type 76/30 already installed on the 634N trucks. The 1st Battery and a section of the 6th were joined to the 132nd Armoured Division Ariete, while section B of the 6th was subordinated to the 102nd Motorised Division Trento.

In the last months of 1941 they participated in several battles; on November 19 it was used during the first battle of Bir el Gobi, destroying at least 15 British tanks from a long distance. All 102/35 trucks were lost due to battle damage or accidents by the end of the same year. In addition to the counter-tank actions, served by the fire stations, they carried out long-range bombardments and anti-aircraft attacks with good results. As this was an "emergency" solution, its defects soon became apparent, such as the excessively high silhouette, the deterioration of the off-road performance of the truck and the tendency of some mechanical parts to wear off. None of these gun trucks survived the North African campaign.

Technology

See also: Cannon 102/35 Model 1914 and Fiat 634

The cannon 102/35 Mod. 1914 was installed on the truck bed using two different types of mounts: the OTO Mod. 33 on the first two specimens and the Vickers-Terni Mod. 25 mount on the others. The modifications of the vehicle, on the other hand, consisted in the "cutting" of the closed cabin, replaced by a canvas cover, and in the installation of four manually operated jacks; the rear body was replaced by a shooting platform on which the mount swung 360°; this platform could be expanded to battery placement through the 90° pivot of the two metal side rails, which thus increased the floor space for the crew. The latter are transported on uncovered benches located at the rear end of the platform, between the two stores of ready-to-use shells.