Zenaida Paley, better known as Zina Morhange (1 June 1909 – 1 October 1987) was a Polish-born French physician and a member of the French Resistance during the Second World War.[1]
Early life
editShe was born in Łódź, into a Jewish family. They emigrated to France, where she married Jean Morhange, a Jewish doctor who was two years her elder, and they settled at Chamberet. At the outbreak of war, they joined the Resistance together, but Jean was killed in a car accident in 1941. Jean's brother was Pierre Morhange, a poet, who survived the war.[2]
Auschwitz
editAnother doctor within the community, who was also the local mayor, is believed to have betrayed Zina Morhange to the Gestapo,[3] and she was arrested on 8 April 1944. Her sister and mother managed to escape capture. Her seven-year-old daughter, Claude, was hidden by her schoolteachers and cared for by the village dressmaker, who also sheltered the other family members. Claude was obliged to pretend to be Catholic.[4] On 29 April, Dr. Morhange was transported to Auschwitz concentration camp in convoy no 72; there she was assigned to Revier "hospital" and made to act as the examining doctor for prisoners about to be sent to the gas chamber; by making misleading diagnoses, she was able to save some lives. Among those she helped was Rose Warfman, for whom she procured painkillers.[5]
Post-war
editReturning to Chamberet after thirteen months in concentration camps, Morhange was much altered physically and mentally. She shared her experiences with her daughter Claude, but felt unable to write her own account.[5]
She later married Jo Saltiel, who died by suicide in 1972. Zina inherited the clothes shop he owned in Marseille, but did not wish to continue to run the business and returned to live in Paris.
Legacy
editZina Morhange and her family are mentioned in Christophe Boltanski's 2015 novel, La Cache, based on the experiences of his grandfather, Etienne Boltanski.[6] Her daughter, Claude Morhange-Bégué, wrote a book about her childhood experiences, which was published in English translation in 2000 under the title Chamberet: Recollections from an Ordinary Childhood.[7]
References
edit- ^ "Dossiers administratifs de résistantes et résistants" (PDF). Musée de la Resistance. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
- ^ "Morhange, Pierre". Jewish Virtual History. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
- ^ Götz Aly (23 February 2017). Europa gegen die Juden: 1880 - 1945 (in German). FISCHER E-Books. pp. 302–. ISBN 978-3-10-401419-7.
- ^ Christine Colin. "Through the Eyes of a Child: Using Works by Children to Understand the Holocaust". Idea. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
- ^ a b Claude Morhange-Bégué (trad. Austryn Wainhouse), Chamberet: Recollections from an Ordinary Childhood, Marlboro, Vermont, Northwestern University Press, 2000. ISBN 9780810160774.
- ^ Philip Nord (14 February 2016). "Christophe Boltanski's Memories of War and Peace". The Buzz. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
- ^ "Chamberet:Recollections from an Ordinary Childhood". Northwestern University Press. Retrieved 4 April 2018.