Wikipedia

Zhong Nanshan

Not to be confused with Zhongnan Mountains.

In this Chinese name, the family name is Zhong.

Zhong Nanshan (born 20 October 1936)[1] is a Chinese pulmonologist.[2] He was president of the Chinese Medical Association from 2005 to 2009 and is currently the editor-in-chief of the Journal of Thoracic Disease.[2] Zhong was bestowed the Medal of the Republic, the highest honorary medal of the People's Republic of China, in August 2020.[3]

Professor
Zhong Nanshan
FRCPE FRCP FRCPI
钟南山
Zhong in 2015
Member to the National People's Congress
(11th, 12th)
In office
March 2008 – March 2018
ChairmanWu Bangguo→Zhang Dejiang
Member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
(8th, 9th, 10th)
In office
March 1993 – March 2008
ChairmanLi Ruihuan→Jia Qinglin
Delegate to the National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party
(17th)
In office
1997–2002
General SecretaryHu Jintao
Personal details
Born (1936-10-20) 20 October 1936 (age 88)
Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
Political partyChinese Communist Party
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1963)​
Children3
Alma materPeking University Health Science Center
University of Edinburgh Medical School
Occupationpulmonologist
AwardsMedal of the Republic (2020)
Known forDiscovering the SARS coronavirus
Scientific career
FieldsPulmonology, respiratory diseases
InstitutionsGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases
Guangzhou Medical University
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese钟南山
Traditional Chinese鍾南山
Literal meaningZhong South-mountain
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinZhōng Nánshān
IPA[ʈʂʊ́ŋ nǎnʂán]
Yue: Cantonese
Yale RomanizationJūng Nàahm-sāan
JyutpingZung1 Naam4-saan1
IPA[tsʊŋ˥ nam˩san˥]
Southern Min
Hokkien POJCheng Lâm-soaⁿ

Zhong earned international fame for managing the SARS outbreak[4] and was renowned for refuting the official line which downplayed the severity of the crisis.[5] He was voted one of China's top 10 scientists in 2010.[6]

During the COVID-19 pandemic which was first identified in Wuhan, Hubei, Zhong was a leading advisor in managing the crisis, suggesting evidence-based control measures to contain the disease and sharing the successful treatment plan with the international community.[5][7] He was named by Time as one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2020.[7]

Early life and education

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Zhong was born on 20 October 1936 at the Central Hospital in Nanjing，Because the hospital is located south of Zhongshan in Nanjing, his parents named it "Nanshan" according to the location of his birthplace.,[1][8] though his family was from Fujian province.[9] He was educated at Beijing Medical University, where he finished his residency training in internal medicine. After graduating from university in 1960, Zhong Nanshan had few opportunities to participate in clinical medicine. He once taught medicine, worked as a worker, and edited the school newspaper until he was transferred back to the Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College in 1971. Zhong completed further training at St Bartholomew's Hospital in London and the University of Edinburgh Medical School between 1979 and 1981, graduating from the University of Edinburgh Medical School with an MD in 1981.[2]

Career

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Zhong Nanshan was awarded the title of one of the first batch of national-level experts with outstanding contributions in 1984. Served as graduate tutor in 1985.In 1995, he became a doctoral supervisor. In May 1996, he was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.Zhong became president of the Chinese Thoracic Society in 2000 and became president of the Chinese Medical Association in 2005. He is currently the director of the Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases and editor-in-chief of the Journal of Thoracic Disease.[2] Zhong discovered the relationship between protein malnutrition and COPD and has developed a calibrated formula on energy consumption for patients with COPD.[8]

SARS outbreak

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See also: 2002–2004 SARS outbreak

When Zhong directed the Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, they received the second case of a SARS patient as early as 20 December 2002. Over the next month, 28 similar cases were reported in Zhongshan alone, and on 21 January 2003, Zhong and other doctors and researchers in related fields reported this disease at an emergency meeting and gave it the name atypical pneumonia.[10]

On 28 January 2003, Zhong felt sick and discovered that he had caught pneumonia. Concerned that the news that a leading researcher and doctor for respiratory diseases falling ill during the SARS outbreak would cause fear and panic for the general public, Zhong decided to not receive treatment in the hospital.[citation needed] Instead he returned home, hoping that it was not caused by SARS and that he could recover without treatment. With care from his wife, Li Shaofen, he managed to recover after eight days. After recovery he immediately returned to the Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases to direct the fight against SARS. On 11 February 2003, at a press conference held by the Guangdong Department of Health, Zhong explained the disease and its symptoms, and calmed the public by asserting that it was "preventable" and "curable".[10]

Zhong, for the first time while treating SARS patients, employed non-invasive ventilation methods that increased the amount of oxygen that the patients could take in and alleviated pain. Zhong also insisted on proposing the use of cortisone for the treating of patients experiencing severe conditions, which significantly lowered the death rate of severe patients to 13% and decreased the total treatment time.[citation needed]

The decision to use cortisone was politically controversial at the time. In February 2003 the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention had already published the authoritative view that normal Chlamydia was the direct cause of atypical pneumonia and, as a result, the only legally prescribed way of treating SARS patients was to use antibiotics. Based on observations of hundreds of patients in Guangdong, Zhong was determined to advocate for the moderate usage of cortisone. Zhong said later in an interview that he knew this might bring dishonor and defamation, but he persisted because he trusted in his observations and scientific judgements regarding the disease.[10]

With the support of the Guangdong government and the positive results in Guangdong in the treating of SARS disease, Zhong's method was later used as the standard protocol for treating all SARS patients in China.[10]

When delegates led by Dr. Evans from the World Health Organization visited China in early April, Zhong presented the characteristics of SARS as well as the treatment and prevention method in China. Zhong's presentation was well-received and his methods were adopted around the world.[10]

COVID-19

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In early January 2020, Zhong visited Wuhan, in response to a growing cluster of then-unidentified pneumonia cases, and was reassured by city health officials that the disease was controllable and preventable. On 20 January, however, he returned to Wuhan, to re-evaluate the situation, and came to the conclusion that the novel coronavirus was more transmissible than previously identified, and warned the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party[11] that authorities in Wuhan were likely understating the severity of the outbreak, and on the same day, publicly announced on state television the same.[11] In later reporting of his state TV broadcast he recommended that "a quarantine period of 10 days to two weeks is very effective, so there will not be a large-scale infection as people travel back from their holidays" but also concluded with the prediction that "the virus outbreak may recede in a week to 10 days."

Zhong has compiled a coronavirus diagnosis and treatment protocol, and has made great contributions to the prevention and control of epidemics, treatment of severe cases, and COVID-19 research. In August 2020, he received from Chinese leader Xi Jinping the Medal of the Republic, the highest state honor, for his outstanding contribution to fighting the COVID-19 epidemic.[12]

During the pandemic, Zhong had promoted publicly[13] the usage of a controversial [14] traditional Chinese medicine of Lianhua Qingwen capsule for treating Covid-19 infection. Though later he had denied any commercial tie with the pharmaceutical company that supplies the capsule,[15] on 4 May 2021, an article from Retraction Watch[16] showed that Zhong and his coworkers were financially tied to the Yiling Pharmaceutical company that supplies the capsule.

In 2020, Zhong worked with Tencent to establish an AI Joint Lab to conduct research on disease screening, prevention, and outbreak warnings.[17] Zhong also worked on pandemic research projects with Foxconn and Alibaba Cloud.[17]

Honors

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Awards and Prizes

On 12 December 2020, the Affiliated High School of South China Normal University unveiled a bronze statue of Zhong Nanshan was unveiled on its 132nd anniversary.[22]

Paper of the Year
  • The Lancet; 2008: The editorial board praised Zhong and his team, as they "clarified that carbocisteine can prevent the worsening of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and can improve life at an affordable price, which is of great significance to developing countries." (Note: The editorial board selected six papers for readers to vote, and announced two winners, one selected by the editorial board and one with the highest reader votes. Zhong's paper obtained the highest number of votes.)[23][24]
Professional Titles
  • 1989: Fellow of the American College of Chest Physicians[21]
  • 1993: Member of the European Respiratory Society[21]
  • 2005: Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland[21]
  • 2011: Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh[21]
  • 201?: Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of London[25]
Honorary Degrees
  • 2005: Honorary Fellow of Hong Kong Academy of Medicine[21]
  • 2008: Honorary Fellow of the European Respiratory Society[21]
  • 2007: Doctor of Medicine (Honors), University of Edinburgh[26]
  • 2011: Honorary Doctor of Science, University of Birmingham
  • 2013: Honorary Doctor of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong[27]
Professional Societies
  • 1985–1990: Member, WHO Advisory Panel on Smoking & Health[21]
  • 1982–1985: Member, Executive Committee, Chinese Medical Association[21]
  • 1989–2000: Member, Executive Committee, American College of Chest Physicians[21]
  • 1989–present: Fellow, American College of Chest Physicians (FCCP)[21]

Personal life

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Zhong Nanshan and Li Shaofen in 1963

Zhong was an outstanding college athlete in the 1950s. The Beijing Municipal Track and Field Team attempted to recruit him as a full-time athlete, but he was determined to become a doctor and declined the offer. Through his sports connection, he was introduced to Li Shaofen [zh], a basketball player who was a member of the China women's national basketball team for 13 years. And won the 1964 French "Four Nations" women's basketball championship. But because Li Shaofen was a member of the national women's basketball team at the time and could not get married, Zhong Nanshan waited for her for eight years. They married on 31 December 1963.[28] They have two children: son Zhong Weide, a physician, who is a doctor in the Urology Department of Guangzhou First People's Hospital and the absolute main force of the hospital's basketball team, and daughter Zhong Weiyue, a swimmer, once won the short course world championship.[29] His father, Zhong Shifan, is a doctor of medicine from the State University of New York and a pediatric medical expert. His mother, Liao Yueqin, graduated from Peking Union Medical College and is the founder of Guangdong Cancer Hospital.

See also

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  • Carlo Urbani, doctor who was the first to identify SARS and died of the disease in 2003
  • Chen Wei, medical researcher who won multiple national awards
  • Li Lanjuan, medical researcher who won multiple national awards

References

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  1. ^ a b 钟南山 (in Chinese (China)). Chinese Academy of Engineering. Archived from the original on 23 June 2016. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
  2. ^ a b c d "Editor-in-Chief: Prof. Dr. Zhong Nanshan, MD". Journal of Thoracic Disease. Archived from the original on 17 July 2013. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
  3. ^ "敢医敢言，生命至上——记"共和国勋章"获得者钟南山-新华网". www.xinhuanet.com. Retrieved 10 October 2024.
  4. ^ "SARS hero Zhong Nanshan named China's best scientist". whatsonxiamen. Archived from the original on 3 February 2015. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
  5. ^ a b "The coronavirus discovered in China is causing global alarm". The Economist. 23 January 2020. ISSN 0013-0613. Archived from the original on 26 January 2020. Retrieved 29 January 2020.
  6. ^ "SARS hero named among China's 10 best scientists, technicians". Xinhua. Archived from the original on 20 December 2010. Retrieved 20 July 2013.
  7. ^ a b "Zhong Nanshan: The 100 Most Influential People of 2020". Time. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
  8. ^ a b "Zhong Nanshan". The HoLeung Ho Lee Foundation. Archived from the original on 6 June 2014. Retrieved 20 July 2013.
  9. ^ 院士钟南山回乡传授长寿秘诀. www.taihainet.com (in Chinese (China)). Archived from the original on 25 January 2020. Retrieved 21 January 2020.
  10. ^ a b c d e Ye 叶, Yi 依 (2010). 钟南山传. Beijing: 作家出版社. pp. 49–52. ISBN 978-7-5063-5267-3.
  11. ^ a b "Meet Dr. Zhong Nanshan, The Public Face Of The COVID-19 Fight In China". NPR.org.
  12. ^ Liu, Jie. "Zhong Nanshan: outspoken doctor awarded China's top honor".
  13. ^ "钟南山：有充足证据证明连花清瘟对新冠肺炎有效". www.cdctj.com.cn. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
  14. ^ 观察者网 (8 May 2020). "中国推荐有效药，瑞典：成分只是薄荷醇，禁止进口". finance.sina.com.cn. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
  15. ^ "钟南山否认商业代言传闻：我怎么会做那些东西 | 每经网". www.nbd.com.cn. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
  16. ^ "Prominent Chinese scientist failed to disclose company ties in COVID-19 clinical trial paper". Retraction Watch. 4 May 2021. Retrieved 4 May 2021.
  17. ^ a b "Tencent teams up with 'Sars hero' on AI, big data lab to tackle coronavirus". South China Morning Post. 28 February 2020. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
  18. ^ "Government announces decorations and medals for 2020". Government of Macau. 19 December 2020. Retrieved 31 August 2021.
  19. ^ 习近平签署主席令 授予钟南山等4人国家勋章、国家荣誉称号. Ifeng (in Chinese (China)). 11 August 2020.
  20. ^ Wang, Shuo (王硕) (1 June 2016). 政解|中国工程院光华"成就奖"为何两度空缺？. Ifeng News (in Chinese (China)).
  21. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Curriculum Vitae of Nan-Shan ZHONG (PDF). 澳門科技大學. 2013 [2020-02-09].
  22. ^ 为自己塑像揭幕惊诧众人 钟南山人设遭遇两极分化. 163.com (in Chinese). 16 December 2020. Retrieved 22 December 2020.
  23. ^ Summerskill, W. (2009). Paper of the year 2008: results. The Lancet, 373(9660), 283–284.
  24. ^ Zheng JP, Kang J, Huang SG, et al. Effect of carbocisteine on acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (PEACE Study): a randomised placebo-controlled study. Lancet 2008; 371: 2013–18.
  25. ^ Honorary Editors-in-Chief: Nanshan Zhong, MD. Annals of Translational Medicine. [2020-02-09].
  26. ^ 鍾雪冰 (23 March 2007). 鍾南山膺愛丁堡大學榮譽博士. 香港文匯報 (in Chinese (Hong Kong)). Retrieved 9 February 2020.
  27. ^ 梁元生 (2013). 第73屆大會 (2013) 鍾南山院士榮譽理學博士 (in Chinese (Hong Kong)). Chinese University of Hong Kong. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
  28. ^ 钟南山的妻子是女篮５号. Sina (in Chinese (China)). 16 June 2003. Archived from the original on 16 September 2019. Retrieved 13 February 2019.
  29. ^ 钟南山曾是400米栏全国纪录保持者 娶女篮名将为妻. Sina (in Chinese (China)). 22 January 2020. Archived from the original on 22 January 2020. Retrieved 22 January 2020.
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