Yopurga County[7][8][9] (Uyghur: يوپۇرغا ناھىيىسى) is a county in northern Kashgar Prefecture, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. More than 96% of the residents of the county are Uyghurs and live around oases at the western edge of the desolate Taklamakan Desert. The county is bordered to the north by Jiashi County, to the east by Maralbexi County, to the west by Shule County, to the southwest by Yengisar County and to the south by Yarkant County.[2]
Yopurga County
Yopurgha, Yuepuhu, Yupogha, Yüeh-p'u-hu | |
|---|---|
.png) Location of the county in Kashgar Prefecture (yellow) and Xinjiang | |
  Yopurga Location of the county in Xinjiang  Yopurga Yopurga (Xinjiang)  Yopurga Yopurga (China) | |
| Coordinates: 39°13′51″N 76°44′25″E / 39.23083°N 76.74028°E | |
| Country | China |
| Autonomous region | Xinjiang |
| Prefecture | Kashgar |
| County seat | Yopurga[1] |
| Township-level divisions | 4 towns, 5 townships |
| Area | |
• Total | 3,128.09 km2 (1,207.76 sq mi) |
| Population (2020)[5] | |
• Total | 162,675 |
| • Density | 52/km2 (130/sq mi) |
| Ethnic groups | |
| • Major ethnic groups | Uyghur[3][6] |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard[a]) |
| Postal code | 844400 |
| Website | yph |
| Yopurga County | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Uyghur name | |||||||||||
| Uyghur | يوپۇرغا ناھىيىسى | ||||||||||
| |||||||||||
| Chinese name | |||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 岳普湖县 | ||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 岳普湖縣 | ||||||||||
| |||||||||||
Name
editYopurga County is named for the Yopurga River.[4]
History
editIn the Qing Dynasty, the area was part of Shule as Yopurga Zhuang (岳普尔湖庄).[1]
In 1940, Yopurga Shezhiju (岳普湖設治局) was created from portions of Shule County, Yengisar County, and Jiashi County. In 1943, Yopurga was made a county.[1][4]
On October 20, 2014, Terim (Tieremu) Township became Terim Town.[1]
On July 24, 2015, Yekshenbebazar (Yekexian Baibazha) was changed from a township to a town.[10]
Geography
editDawakol (Dawakun) National Desert Park (达瓦昆沙漠旅游风景区) is located in Yopurga County.[11]
Climate
edit| Climate data for Yopurga, elevation 1,206 m (3,957 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 21.0 (69.8) |
19.9 (67.8) |
30.8 (87.4) |
35.5 (95.9) |
37.3 (99.1) |
39.1 (102.4) |
41.0 (105.8) |
41.5 (106.7) |
35.7 (96.3) |
30.6 (87.1) |
26.3 (79.3) |
19.5 (67.1) |
41.5 (106.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 0.8 (33.4) |
7.1 (44.8) |
16.5 (61.7) |
24.5 (76.1) |
28.6 (83.5) |
32.2 (90.0) |
33.7 (92.7) |
32.4 (90.3) |
28.2 (82.8) |
21.6 (70.9) |
12.2 (54.0) |
2.9 (37.2) |
20.1 (68.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −5.7 (21.7) |
0.3 (32.5) |
9.2 (48.6) |
16.6 (61.9) |
20.7 (69.3) |
24.2 (75.6) |
25.6 (78.1) |
24.2 (75.6) |
19.7 (67.5) |
12.4 (54.3) |
3.8 (38.8) |
−3.6 (25.5) |
12.3 (54.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −11.3 (11.7) |
−5.8 (21.6) |
2.3 (36.1) |
9.1 (48.4) |
13.4 (56.1) |
16.8 (62.2) |
18.4 (65.1) |
17.3 (63.1) |
12.7 (54.9) |
5.2 (41.4) |
−2.6 (27.3) |
−8.7 (16.3) |
5.6 (42.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −25.3 (−13.5) |
−25.9 (−14.6) |
−9.2 (15.4) |
−2.1 (28.2) |
2.5 (36.5) |
6.4 (43.5) |
10.2 (50.4) |
9.3 (48.7) |
2.7 (36.9) |
−4.8 (23.4) |
−15.0 (5.0) |
−23.2 (−9.8) |
−25.9 (−14.6) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 2.1 (0.08) |
3.2 (0.13) |
4.3 (0.17) |
4.2 (0.17) |
12.6 (0.50) |
11.0 (0.43) |
14.9 (0.59) |
12.2 (0.48) |
7.5 (0.30) |
3.6 (0.14) |
2.0 (0.08) |
1.6 (0.06) |
79.2 (3.13) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 2.1 | 1.7 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 3.5 | 4.2 | 5.3 | 4.4 | 2.9 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 1.5 | 29.9 |
| Average snowy days | 5.8 | 3.0 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.6 | 4.6 | 14.7 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 66 | 56 | 43 | 35 | 40 | 41 | 47 | 52 | 54 | 56 | 59 | 69 | 52 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 150.3 | 158.3 | 191.0 | 222.8 | 278.5 | 320.8 | 324.2 | 295.7 | 264.6 | 255.4 | 200.6 | 151.7 | 2,813.9 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 49 | 51 | 51 | 55 | 62 | 72 | 72 | 71 | 72 | 75 | 68 | 52 | 63 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration[12][13] | |||||||||||||
Administrative divisions
editYopurga County included 4 towns and 5 townships:[1][14][15]
| Name | Simplified Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Uyghur (UEY) | Uyghur Latin (ULY) | Administrative division code | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Towns | |||||||
| Yopurga Town | 岳普湖镇 | Yuèpǔhú Zhèn | يوپۇرغا بازىرى | yopurgha baziri | 653128100 | ||
| Eshme Town[16] | 艾西曼镇 (艾西买镇) |
Àixīmàn Zhèn (Àixīmǎi Zhèn) |
ئەشمە بازىرى | Eshme baziri | 653128101 | ||
| Terim Town | 铁热木镇 | Tiěrèmù Zhèn | تېرىم بازىرى | tërim baziri | 653128102 | Formerly Terim Township (تېرىم بازىرى / 铁热木乡) | |
| Yekshenbebazar Town | 也克先拜巴扎镇 | Yěkèxiānbàibāzhā Zhèn | يەكشەنبەبازار بازىرى | yekshenbebazar baziri | 653128103 | formerly Yekshenbebazar Township (يەكشەنبەبازار بازىرى / 也克先拜巴扎乡) | |
| Townships | |||||||
| Yopurga Township | 岳普湖乡 | Yuèpǔhú Xiāng | يوپۇرغا يېزىسى | yopurgha yëzisi | 653128200 | ||
| Aqqik Township[17] | 阿其克乡 | Āqíkè Xiāng | ئاچچىق يېزىسى[18] | Achchiq yëzisi | 653128203 | ||
| Siyek Township[19] | 色也克乡 | Sèyěkè Xiāng | سىيەك يېزىسى | siyek yëzisi | 653128204 | ||
| Bayawat Township | 巴依阿瓦提乡 | Bāyī'āwǎtí Xiāng | بايئاۋات يېزىسى | bay'awat yëzisi | 653128206 | ||
| Axunluqum Township | 阿洪鲁库木乡 | Āhónglǔkùmù Xiāng | ئاخۇنلۇقۇم يېزىسى | Axunluqum yëzisi | 653128207 | ||
Economy
editAgricultural products include wheat, cotton, corn, muskmelon, and oilseed products. Beekeeping is relatively developed. Herding is important, primarily sheep herding. Industries include cotton and hemp processing, food and oil processing, and concrete.[4]
Farmers in the county raise donkeys for meat, milk and donkey-hide gelatin.[20]
In July 1953, Yopurga County was reported to have 87,000 mou of winter and spring wheat.[21]
Demographics
edit| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 129,441 | — |
| 2010 | 147,688 | +1.33% |
| [1] | ||
In 1997, Uyghurs made up 94.6% of the county's population.[6]
According to the 2002 census, it has a population of 130,000.[citation needed]
As of 2015[update], the population of Yopurga County was 96.1% Uyghur and 3.9% Han Chinese.[3] As of 2015, 167,860 of the 177,955 residents of the county were Uyghur, 9,801 were Han Chinese and 294 were from other ethnic groups.[22][contradictory]
As of 1999, 94.68% of the population of Yopurga (Yuepuhu) County was Uyghur and 5.28% of the population was Han Chinese.[23]
Historical maps
editHistorical English-language maps including modern-day Yopurga County area:
-
Map including Yopurga (labeled as YÜEH-P'U-HU (YUPOGHA)) and surrounding region from the International Map of the World (AMS, 1966) -
Map including Yopurga (labeled as YÜEH-P'U-HU) (DMA, 1974) -
![From the Operational Navigation Chart; map including Yopurga (Yüeh-p'u-hu) (DMA, 1980)[b]](//up.wiki.x.io/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Operational_Navigation_Chart_G-7%2C_6th_edition.jpg/331px-Operational_Navigation_Chart_G-7%2C_6th_edition.jpg)
-
![Map including Yopurga (Yüeh-p'u-hu) (DMA, 1984)[c]](//up.wiki.x.io/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Txu-pclmaps-oclc-22834566_g-7a.jpg/335px-Txu-pclmaps-oclc-22834566_g-7a.jpg)
![From the Operational Navigation Chart; map including Yopurga (Yüeh-p'u-hu) (DMA, 1980)[b]](/wiki/File:Operational_Navigation_Chart_G-7,_6th_edition.jpg)
![Map including Yopurga (Yüeh-p'u-hu) (DMA, 1984)[c]](/wiki/File:Txu-pclmaps-oclc-22834566_g-7a.jpg)
Notes
edit- ^ Locals in Xinjiang frequently observe UTC+6 (Xinjiang Time), 2 hours behind Beijing.
- ^ From map: "The representation of international boundaries is not necessarily authoritative."
- ^ From map: "The representation of international boundaries is not necessarily authoritative"
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g 岳普湖县历史沿革 [Yopurga County Historical Evolution]. XZQH.org. 14 November 2014. Retrieved 10 March 2020.
清光绪年间为疏勒府本府五大回庄之一，称岳普尔湖庄。1941年由疏勒县析置岳普湖设治局，1943年升为岳普湖县，属喀什督察专区。{...}2000年第五次人口普查，岳普湖县常住总人口129441人，{...}2003年，岳普湖县总面积3165.76平方千米，{...}县政府驻岳普湖镇。{...}2010年第六次人口普查，岳普湖县常住总人口147688人，其中：岳普湖镇22092人，艾西曼镇14803人，岳普湖乡13461人，也克先拜巴扎乡18771人，阿其克乡21583人，色也克乡18064人，铁热木乡18971人，巴依阿瓦提乡10460人，阿洪鲁库木乡2524人，岳普湖县农场1137人，岳普湖县林场417人，岳普湖县奶牛场469人，岳普湖县良种场824人，岳普湖县大畜场486人，兵团四十二团3626人。 2014年10月20日，自治区政府（新政函[2014]179号）同意撤销铁热木乡，设立铁热木镇。调整后，全县辖3个镇、6个乡：岳普湖镇、艾西买镇、铁热木镇、岳普湖乡、也克先拜巴扎乡、阿其克乡、色也克乡、巴依阿瓦提乡、阿洪鲁库木乡。
- ^ a b 自然地理. 岳普湖县人民政府 (in Simplified Chinese). Retrieved 11 March 2020.
岳普湖县隶属于新疆维吾尔自治区喀什地区；东邻巴楚县，南靠莎车县，西南与西部与疏勒县、英吉沙县毗邻，北部与伽师县相连，土地总面积3128.09平方公里。
- ^ a b c 岳普湖概况 [Yopurga Overview]. 岳普湖县人民政府. Retrieved 10 March 2020.
全县总面积3128平方公里。2015年，全县辖5乡4镇5个国营农林牧场，87个行政村，557个村民小组，7个社区；全县总人口17.4万人，其中，维吾尔族占96.1%，汉族和其他少数民族占3.9%。
- ^ a b c d 夏征农; 陈至立, eds. (September 2009). 辞海：第六版彩图本 [Cihai (Sixth Edition in Color)] (in Chinese). Shanghai: Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House. p. 2831. ISBN 9787532628599.
- ^ Xinjiang: Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties
- ^ a b 1997年岳普湖县行政区划. XZQH.org (in Simplified Chinese). 19 November 2010. Retrieved 10 March 2020.
面积3327.1平方千米，人口12.2万，有维吾尔、汉、回、蒙古、壮、满等民族，其中维吾尔族占94.6％
- ^ Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development (2010). 建筑抗震设计规范 [GB50011-2010: Code for Seismic Design of Buildings] (in English and Simplified Chinese). Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press. p. 203 – via Google Books.
Yopurga County
- ^ Complete Atlas Of The World (3 ed.). Penguin Random House. 2016. p. 238 – via Internet Archive.
Yopurga
- ^ Yopurga (Approved - N) at GEOnet Names Server, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
- ^ 新疆维吾尔自治区人民政府关于同意岳普湖县也克先拜巴扎乡撤乡设镇的批复（新政函〔2015〕188号）. 新疆民政 (in Simplified Chinese). 30 July 2015. Retrieved 11 March 2020.
- ^ 达瓦昆沙漠旅游风景区. China National Tourism Administration (in Simplified Chinese). Retrieved 11 March 2020.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
- ^ 2019年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码：岳普湖县 (in Simplified Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. 2019. Retrieved 10 March 2020.
统计用区划代码 名称 653128100000 岳普湖镇 653128101000 艾西曼镇 653128102000 铁热木镇 653128103000 也克先拜巴扎镇 653128200000 岳普湖乡 653128203000 阿其克乡 653128204000 色也克乡 653128206000 巴依阿瓦提乡 653128207000 阿洪鲁库木乡 653128402000 岳普湖县奶牛场 653128502000 兵团四十二团
- ^ 岳普湖县乡镇、建制村名录及通硬化路、通客车情况表. 岳普湖县人民政府 (in Chinese (Taiwan)). 20 June 2019. Retrieved 10 March 2020.
- ^ Alessandra Cappelletti (2020). Socio-Economic Development in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region Disparities and Power Struggle in China's North-West. Springer. p. 243. ISBN 978-981-15-1536-1 – via Google Books.
- ^ Aqqik (Approved - N) at GEOnet Names Server, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
- ^ ئاچچىق (Variant Non-Roman Script - VS) at GEOnet Names Server, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
- ^ "Reiche Ernte an roten Datteln in Xinjiang" (in German). Xinhua News Agency. 11 November 2016. Retrieved 10 March 2020.
Dorfbewohner verpacken rote Datteln für den Verkauf in der Gemeinde Siyek des Kreises Yopurga, des nordwestchinesischen Uigurischen Autonomen Gebiets Xinjiang, 9. November 2016.
- ^ "Xinhua Insight: "Pairing assistance" program makes headway in Xinjiang amid challenges". Embassy of the People's Republic of China in the United States of America. 12 October 2013. Retrieved 11 March 2020.
With many local farmers raising donkeys, the Tai'an government built a breeding base in the county, procuring donkey meat, milk and donkey-hide gelatin from farmers, giving them an additional income of 10,000 yuan a year, said Chang.
- ^ "CALAMITY DAMAGE AND CROP DATA, APRIL-OCTOBER 1953, EXTRACTED FROM CHINESE COMMUNIST PRESS" (PDF). CIA.gov. 23 February 1954. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 January 2017. Retrieved 3 June 2020 – via Wikimedia Commons. Alt URL
- ^ 3-7 各地、州、市、县(市)分民族人口数 (in Simplified Chinese). شىنجاڭ ئۇيغۇر ئاپتونوم رايونى 新疆维吾尔自治区统计局 Statistic Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Archived from the original on 2017-10-11. Retrieved 2017-09-03.
- ^ Morris Rossabi, ed. (2004). Governing China's Multiethnic Frontiers (PDF). University of Washington Press. p. 179. ISBN 0-295-98390-6.