Yonggom is one of the Ok languages of Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. According to its speakers, it is part of a continuum of 9 mutually intelligible dialects of Muyu languages which also includes Muyu, North Muyu (Kadi), South Muyu, and Ningrum.[2] Petabahasa by Indonesian Ministry of Education classified this language as Yonggom/Yongkom (BPS:1158 6) spoken in Kampung Ninati,[3] although another name recorded for South Muyu (BPS:0917 2) is Yongon.[4][5]
| Yonggom | |
|---|---|
| Yongkom | |
| Native to | Indonesia, Papua New Guinea |
| Region | |
Native speakers | (6,000 cited 1999)[1] |
Trans–New Guinea
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | yon |
| Glottolog | yong1280 |
| ELP | Yonggom |
Phonology
editConsonants
edit| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | ||
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k kʷ | |
| voiced | b | d | ɡ | ||
| Fricative | s | ||||
| Tap | ɾ | ||||
| Approximant | w | (l) | j | ||
- /b, d/ can become fricatives [β, ð] intervocalically in fast speech.
- /k/ can be heard as a fricative [ɣ] in fast speech.
- /ɾ/ becomes [l] in word-initial position.
- /j/ is heard as an affricate [dʒ] when following a plosive.
Vowels
edit| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i iː | u uː | |
| Mid | ɛ ɛː | o oː | |
| Open | a aː |
- /i/ becomes [ɪ] when before /s/ or a word-final /n/.
- /ɛ/ becomes more close as [e] when before a sonorant back consonant.[6]
References
edit- ^ Yonggom at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Zahrer, Alexander. 2019. First data of Moyu, a lowland Ok language of New Guinea. 11th International Austronesian and Papuan Languages and Linguistics Conference (APLL11), 13-15 Juni 2019, Universitas Leiden.
- ^ "Yonggom". Peta Bahasa (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2024-10-12.
- ^ "Muyu Selatan". Peta Bahasa (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2024-10-12.
- ^ "Master Bahasa BPS 2010". Scribd (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2020-07-06.
- ^ Christensen, Steve (2002). Yongkom (Yonggom, Yongom) Language. Organised Phonology Data: SIL.
External links
edit- Paradisec has an open access collection that includes Yonggom language materials