Yingshanosaurus

Yingshanosaurus; Temporal range: 155 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓ Upper Jurassic
	Life restoration
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Clade:	Dinosauria
Clade:	†Ornithischia
Clade:	†Thyreophora
Clade:	†Stegosauria
Family:	†Stegosauridae
Subfamily:	†Stegosaurinae
Genus:	†Yingshanosaurus; Zhu, 1994
Type species
	Yingshanosaurus jichuanensis; Zhu, 1994

Yingshanosaurus (meaning "Yingshan reptile") is a genus of stegosaurian dinosaur from the Late Jurassic, around 155 million years ago. It was a herbivore that lived in what is now China. The type species is Yingshanosaurus jichuanensis.

Discovery and naming

In 1983, a stegosaurian skeleton was excavated in Sichuan by a team led by Wan Jihou. In 1984, the find was reported by Zhou Shiwu.^[1] In 1985, Zhou used the name Yingshanosaurus jichuanensis during a paleontological congress in Toulouse. Though his lecture was published in 1986,^[2] it was assumed^{[by whom?]} that the name remained a nomen nudum due to an insufficient description. In 1994 however, Zhu Songlin fully described the animal.^[3] This fact escaped most Western researchers^{[according to whom?]} who considered the taxon invalid until well into the twenty-first century.^{[citation needed]} The generic name is derived from the county of Yingshan. The specific name refers to the location of the site, Sichuan.

The holotype, CV OO722, was found in a layer of the late Upper Shaximiao Formation, probably dating from the early Kimmeridgian. It consists of a partial skeleton of an adult individual. It contains a number of individual dorsal vertebrae, a series of dorsal vertebrae found in articulation with the sacrum and pelvis, seven tail vertebrae, ribs, seven chevrons, a left scapulocoracoid, a left humerus, a left radius, a left second metacarpal, a left thighbone, a left shinbone, a left fibula, metacarpals, a phalanx, several back plates and a left shoulder spine. The main lacking parts are the neck and the tail end.^{[citation needed]} A 2006 paper by Susannah Maidment states that the only fossil specimen could not be located.^[4]

Description

Like all stegosaurians, Yingshanosaurus was an herbivorous dinosaur. It was about four to five metres long. The thighbone has a length of 675 millimetres, the shinbone of forty-six centimetres. The humerus is forty centimetres long. Four vertebrae of the sacrum (S2-S5) were solidly fused to the ilia of the pelvis, the spaces between the sacral ribs being almost closed, reduced to oval depressions pierced from below by small openings, no more than a centimetre in cross-section. The neural arches are of medium height. The neural spines of the dorsal vertebrae are plate-like in side view and have a transversely expanded top.^{[citation needed]}

Yingshanosaurus had a pair of about eighty centimetres long wing-like spines on its shoulders, similar in relative size to the shoulder spikes of Gigantspinosaurus. The shoulder spine has a large flat trapezoidal base; after a sudden kink, a more narrow straight shaft, flat but with a protruding ridge on the outer side, projects to behind from the lower base edge. The bony plates on its back were rather small and relatively low, triangular or fin-shaped. The largest plates, about fifteen centimetres high and with a base length of twenty centimetres, are similar in profile to those of Hesperosaurus, though of a more reduced relative size. They were not "splates",^{[clarification needed]} i.e. featuring a thickened middle section, but almost uniformly flat, with a rough and veined surface.^{[citation needed]}

Phylogeny

Zhu placed Yingshanosaurus, within the Stegosauridae, in the Stegosaurinae.^{[citation needed]}

References

^ Zhou, S.W. (1984). "Stegosaurs". The Middle Jurassic dinosaurian fauna from Dashanpu, Zigong, Sichuan. Volume 2. Chengdo: Sichuan Scientific and Technological Publishing House. pp. 1–52.
^ S. Zhou, 1986, "De l'origine et de l'évolution systématique des Stegosauria à la lumière des fossiles connus", Les Dinosaures de La Chine à La France, Colloque International de Paléontologie, Toulouse, France, 2-6 Septembre 1985, Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Toulouse, Toulouse pp 31-38
^ Zhu Songlin, 1994, "记四川盆地营山县一剑龙化石 [Record of a fossil stegosaur from Yingshan in the Sichuan Basin]", Sichuan Cultural Relics, 1994(S1): 8-14
^ Maidment, Susannah C.R.; Guangbiao Wei (2006). "A review of the Late Jurassic stegosaurs (Dinosauria, Stegosauria) from the People's Republic of China". Geological Magazine. 143 (5): 621–634. Bibcode:2006GeoM..143..621M. doi:10.1017/S0016756806002500. S2CID 83661067. Retrieved 2008-06-29.

External links

"Yingshanosaurus" at the Natural History Museum

[Zhou1984-1] Zhou, S.W. (1984). "Stegosaurs". The Middle Jurassic dinosaurian fauna from Dashanpu, Zigong, Sichuan. Volume 2. Chengdo: Sichuan Scientific and Technological Publishing House. pp. 1–52.

[2] S. Zhou, 1986, "De l'origine et de l'évolution systématique des Stegosauria à la lumière des fossiles connus", Les Dinosaures de La Chine à La France, Colloque International de Paléontologie, Toulouse, France, 2-6 Septembre 1985, Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Toulouse, Toulouse pp 31-38

[3] Zhu Songlin, 1994, "记四川盆地营山县一剑龙化石 [Record of a fossil stegosaur from Yingshan in the Sichuan Basin]", Sichuan Cultural Relics, 1994(S1): 8-14

[Maidment-4] Maidment, Susannah C.R.; Guangbiao Wei (2006). "A review of the Late Jurassic stegosaurs (Dinosauria, Stegosauria) from the People's Republic of China". Geological Magazine. 143 (5): 621–634. Bibcode:2006GeoM..143..621M. doi:10.1017/S0016756806002500. S2CID 83661067. Retrieved 2008-06-29.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]