Yakym Somko (Ukrainian: Іоаким Сомко, modern Ukrainian: Яким Сомко) (c. 1610s in Pereiaslav – September 28, 1664), was a Ukrainian Cossack military leader of the Pereiaslav regiment and was the Acting Hetman of Left-bank Ukraine in 1660-1663, during The Ruin.
Yakym Somko | |
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| Native name | |
| Born | c. 1610s Pereiaslav, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth |
| Died | September 28, 1664 Borzna, Nizhyn Regiment, Cossack Hetmanate |
| Cause of death | Decapitation and stabbing |
| Allegiance |  Zaporozhian Host (to 1660)Left-bank Ukraine |
| Years of service | 1648-1664 |
| Rank | Colonel, Sotnyk, Hetman |
| Battles / wars | Khmelnytsky Uprising Russo-Polish War (1654-1667) The Ruin |
| Spouse(s) | Iryna Semenivna Somko |
| Children | Halyna Somko, Paraskeva Somko, Vasyl Somko |
| Signature |  |
He was first appointed captain of the Pereiaslav regiment in 1654, and became the acting colonel in 1658. At the Pereiaslav Council of 1660 that concluded the Treaty of Slobodyshche he was elected colonel of Pereiaslav regiment and Acting Hetman of Left-Bank Ukraine. But he strongly opposed the treaty because it restored the union with Poland, and annulled the Pereiaslav articles, which he favored more of a pro-Russian orientation. Which caused a civil war between Right-bank Cossacks who favored a pro-Polish policies, and Left-bank Cossacks who favored pro-Russian policies. In 1661 he led a revolt against Yurii Khmelnytsky with left-bank regiments, and Zaporozhian otaman Ivan Briukhovetsky.
During the Russo-Polish War he fought against the Poles, and the Crimean Tatars, in order to re-unite all of the Cossack lands under his reign. At first he was a strong supporter of Tsardom of Russia, but initially withdrew his support because of disagreements, and lack of help on restoring Ukraine. But Russia started seeking aid with Somko's opponents, in particular with Ivan Briukhovetsky who supported Russian rule, they in turn started accusing Somko of secret negotiations with Khmelnytsky, and Pavlo Teteria, which caused to delay the final decision of the Cossack starshyna council at Kozelets in 1662 to recognize his tenure as hetman.
In order to decide on a new hetman, a Chorna rada took place on June 17–18, 1663 near Nizhyn, where a cossack council consisting of the starshyna, and a large number of common cossacks elected a new hetman for left-bank Ukraine. The officers proposed him and colonel Vasyl Zolotarenko of the Nizhyn Regiment as candidates, but the majority and including the Tsar supported Briukhovetsky and elected him the new hetman. Both Somko, and Zolotarenko were imprisoned and then were handed over to Briukhovetsky, who had them executed in Borzna on September 28, 1664.
Legacy
editYakym Somko is the central character in a novel Black Council (1846) by Panteleimon Kulish.