Xidaotang (Chinese: 西道堂; pinyin: Xīdàotáng, "Hall of the Western Dao," i.e. Islam)--originally called Jinxingtang 金星堂, the "Gold Star Hall"; also called the Hanxue pai 汉学派, the "Han Studies Sect" [1]—is a Sino-Islamic religious body / special economic community centered in Gansu province. The Xidaotang is mainly distributed in Lintan and Hezheng County in Gansu,[2] and also has followers in Qinghai, Xinjiang, and Sichuan.[3]
Practices
editIts religious practices broadly resemble those of the Qadim (Gedimu), with some Jahriyya elements.[4] Great emphasis is placed on shari'a (jiaocheng 教乘), and tariqa (daocheng 道乘),[5] "which gradually leads to depersonalization and mystical union with God."[6] Its members organize collectively and work together. One important focus is education. The group observes such holidays as the birthday of the Islamic prophet Muhammad (Mawlid an-Nabi), the anniversary of his death, and the anniversary of the death of Ma Qixi. However, no mausoleum was built for Ma Qixi.[7]
History
edit
Founded in 1901 by Ma Qixi (1857–1914), a Chinese Muslim from Lintan (formerly Taozhou), it fuses traditional Sunni Hanafi Islam with study of the Confucian classics and the Han Kitab. The group lived communally, supporting itself through a trade network which extended into the Tibetan border regions.
In 1914, Hui general Ma Anliang, affiliated with the rival Khufiyya order, slew Ma Qixi, and was nearly successful in exterminating the sect, but a portion evaded capture.[8] Hui warlord Ma Zhongying raided Hui and Tibetan encampments in the 1920s, causing another exodus.[9] The Xidaotang pledged allegiance to the Kuomintang after their rise to power, and in 1941, the Hui General Bai Chongxi introduced Chiang Kai-shek to Xidaotang leader Ma Mingren in Chongqing.[10]
Other leaders in the movement were:
- 1918-1946: Ma Mingren (马明仁, 1896–1946)
- 1947-1958: Min Xuecheng (敏学成, 1882–1957) (i.e. Min Zhidao).[citation needed]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Hu Fan. S.174.
- ^ Cihai, S.1811.
- ^ chinaculture.org: West Khanqa (gefunden am 27. März 2010)
- ^ Shoujiang Mi & Jia You, S.68.
- ^ Cihai, S. 1811. - See article Tariqa.
- ^ Hu Fan, S.114.
- ^ Shoujiang Mi, Jia You: ("Birth and Growth of Sects and Menhuans"[usurped])
- ^ The Far Eastern review, engineering, finance, commerce, Volume 15. 1919. p. 587. Retrieved 2011-06-06.
- ^ Jonathan Neaman Lipman (1 July 1998). Familiar strangers: a history of Muslims in Northwest China. University of Washington Press. pp. 196–197. ISBN 978-0-295-80055-4.
- ^ Jonathan Neaman Lipman (1 July 1998). Familiar strangers: a history of Muslims in Northwest China. University of Washington Press. pp. 197–. ISBN 978-0-295-80055-4.
Works cited
edit- Cihai ("Sea of Words“), Shanghai cishu chubanshe, Shanghai 2002, ISBN 7-5326-0839-5 (Article: Xidaotang)
- Hu Fan: "Islam in Shaanxi: Past and Present". Diss. Bonn 2008
- Shoujiang Mi, Jia You: Islam in China, Chinese Intercontinental Press, 2004; ISBN 7508505336 (web[usurped])
Further reading
edit- Michael Dillon: China's Muslim Hui Community 1999
- Dru C. Gladney: Muslim Chinese: ethnic nationalism in the People's Republic (Xi Dao Tang, S.56 f.)
External links
edit- West Khanqa at ChinaCulture.org
- Gongshe xingzhe de Musilin zuzhi - Xidaotang at ChinaCulture.org
- Zhongguo Xidaotang Linxia Machang Qingzhensi shengjihui - Chinese (photos from the Machang mosque in Linxia) at BBS.ChinaSufi.cn