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X-energy is a private American nuclear reactor and fuel design engineering company. It is developing a Generation IV high-temperature gas-cooled pebble-bed nuclear reactor design. It has received funding from private sources and various government grants and contracts, notably through the Department of Energy's (DOE) Advanced Reactor Concept Cooperative Agreement in 2016 and its Advanced Reactor Demonstration Program (ARDP) in 2020.
 | |
| Company type | Private |
|---|---|
| Industry | Nuclear power |
| Founded | 2009 |
| Founder | Kam Ghaffarian (Chairman) |
| Headquarters | |
Key people | Clay Sell (CEO) |
| Website | www |
History
editThe company was founded in 2009 by Kam Ghaffarian.[1] In January 2016, X-energy was provided a five-year grant of up to $40 million, as part of the DOE's Advanced Reactor Concept Cooperative Agreement to advance elements of their reactor development.[2][3][4] In 2019, X-energy received funding from the United States Department of Defense to develop small military reactors for use at forward bases.[5] Former Deputy Secretary of Energy of the DOE, Clay Sell, was appointed CEO of X-energy in 2019.[6]
In October 2020, the company was chosen by the DOE as a recipient of a matching grant totaling between $400 million and $4 billion over the next 5 to 7 years for the cost of building a demonstration reactor of their Xe-100, helium-cooled pebble-bed reactor design. This is part of the DOE's Advanced Reactor Demonstration Program, which also awarded the same grant to TerraPower.[7]
In 2022 Curtiss-Wright agreed to act as the preferred supplier of 3 critical components of the Xe-100 reactor. The initial installation of the reactor is projected to be for Energy Northwest in Washington State.[8]
In March 2023, X-energy and Dow Inc agreed to develop a grid-scale next-generation Xe-100 nuclear reactor at one of Dow's sites on the U.S. Gulf Coast.[9]
In December 2022, X-energy planned to go public in a $2 billion deal using the special-purpose acquisition company Ares Acquisition, but this was called off in October 2023 due to the then macroeconomic situation and the effect on the market of the cancellation of the first U.S. SMR deployment project, the Carbon Free Power Project, because of cost increases. The company laid off some staff in November 2023.[10][11] In December 2023, the company raised $235 million of investment in a new funding round from existing investors.[12]
Reactor design
editThe Xe-100 is a proposed pebble bed high-temperature gas-cooled nuclear reactor design that is planned to be smaller, simpler and safer when compared to conventional nuclear designs. Pebble bed high temperature gas-cooled reactors were first proposed in 1944. Each reactor is planned to generate 200 MWt and approximately 76 MWe. The fuel for the Xe-100 is a spherical fuel element, or pebble, that utilizes the tristructural isotropic (TRISO) particle nuclear fuel design, with high-assay LEU (HALEU) uranium fuel enriched to 20%, to allow for longer periods between refueling.[7] X-energy claims that TRISO fuel will make nuclear meltdowns virtually impossible.[citation needed]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Fehrenbacher, Katie (February 4, 2016). "Meet a Startup Making a New Kind of Safer, Smaller Nuclear Reactor". Fortune. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
- ^ Fountain, Henry (January 19, 2016). "U.S. Acts to Spur Development of High-Tech Reactors". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 2, 2017.
- ^ Fehrenbacher, Katie (February 16, 2016). "Meet a Startup Making a New Kind of Safer, Smaller Nuclear Reactor". Fortune. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
- ^ Conca, James (March 27, 2017). "X-Energy Steps Into The Ring With Its Advanced Pebble Bed Modular Nuclear Reactor". Forbes. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
- ^ Harper, John (April 27, 2020). "Safety Concerns Could Stymie Nuclear Reactor Plans". National Defense.
- ^ Bernton, Hal (November 8, 2021). "This next-generation nuclear power plant is pitched for Washington state. Can it 'change the world'?". The Seattle Times. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
- ^ a b Cho, Adrian (October 16, 2020). "Department of Energy picks two advanced nuclear reactors for demonstration projects". Science. Retrieved October 20, 2020.
DOE will split the total cost of building each plant with private industry. Each project receives $80 million this year and could receive a total of between $400 million and $4 billion in funding over the next 5 to 7 years. ... In contrast, the Xe-100 design from X-Energy would use pressurized helium gas to cool its uranium-based fuel. That fuel would be packaged not in the conventional metal-clad rods, but in "pebbles"—spheres of graphite infused with countless ceramic kernels that contain the uranium. Like a giant gumball machine, the reactor would hold 220,000 pebbles, which would slowly descend through the core and, as their fuel was spent, would exit from a port at the bottom. Heated to 750°C, the helium would generate steam in a secondary circuit to produce electricity. In principle, the pebbles can't melt, eliminating the risk of a meltdown. ... The Natrium and Xe-100 reactors would use fuel enriched to 20%, which would enable them to run longer on a batch of fuel and extract more energy from it.
- ^ "Curtiss-Wright, X-energy Sign Supplier Plan". Nuclear Street. September 2022. Retrieved September 26, 2022.
Under the terms of the agreement, Curtiss-Wright has been selected as a preferred supplier to develop and provide three of the most critical systems for the Nuclear Steam Supply System (NSSS). These include the Helium Circulator System, which transfers heat generated in the reactor core to a steam generator, where steam is produced to generate electricity or provide process heat for industrial applications, as well as the Fuel Handling System, which performs continuous defueling and refueling of the reactor; loading fresh, recirculating used, and discharging spent fuel as required; and the Reactivity Control and Safe Shutdown System, which controls the outlet temperature of the reactor and provides a redundant shut down mechanism when required.
- ^ "Dow and X-energy to build U.S. Gulf Coast nuclear demonstration plant". Reuters. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
- ^ Jaiveer Singh Shekhawat (October 31, 2023). "X-Energy mutually terminates billion deal to go public with Ares Acquisition". Reuters. Retrieved December 13, 2023.
- ^ Smyth, Jamie (December 12, 2023). "US nuclear start-ups battle funding challenge in race to curb emissions". Financial Times. Retrieved December 13, 2023.
- ^ "X-energy Finalizes $235 Million Series C Financing". Business Wire. December 5, 2023. Retrieved December 13, 2023.