William Strahan (24 March 1715 – 9 July 1785) was a Scottish printer and publisher, and a politician who sat in the House of Commons between from 1774 to 1784. He was a correspondent and later a good friend of Benjamin Franklin.
Early life
editBorn in Edinburgh as William Strachan, and educated at the Royal High School, Strahan was the son of George Strachan, an Edinburgh solicitor and grandson of John Strachan, professor of divinity at the University of Edinburgh. originally apprenticed to an Edinburgh printer but became a Master Printer in London (at which time he changed the spelling of his name). In 1738 he was made a Freeman of the City of London and a freeman of the Stationers' Company. He married Margaret Penelope Elphinstone, daughter of Edinburgh Episcopal Clergyman William Elphnstone, at St Mary Le Bow on 20 July 1738.[1][2] They had five children, two daughters and three sons, one of whom, Andrew, would succeed him as King's Printer.[3]
Printing to publishing
editDiversifying from printing to publishing, Strahan built up a successful business, at one time employing 50 men. He was Samuel Johnson's chief publisher, being entrusted with the printing of Johnson's Dictionary, and also published the works of the philosophers David Hume and Adam Smith, and the historian Edward Gibbon. Prominent 18th Century Freemason William Preston had attended the same school as Strahan in Edinburgh and was employed by Strahan, as an editor, particularly of David Hume's works. From 1770, Strahan was Printer to the King. Strahan was also the printer for the successful London bookseller Andrew Millar, as well as his longtime friend and business partner.[4] Between 1740 and 1765 Strahan moved his London premises four times in the area between St Bride's and the Strand. By 1770 he owned the biggest printing operation in the kingdom, comprising three separate printing businesses in six buildings.
Friendship with Benjamin Franklin
editFor many years, Strahan attended debates in Parliament and wrote reports of the proceedings that were widely circulated; his paragraphs of political news were frequently printed in The Pennsylvania Gazette, and he became a friend of its owner, Benjamin Franklin. His protégé, David Hall, succeeded Franklin at his print shop in Philadelphia when Franklin retired in 1747. At first he sympathised with the grievances of the American colonists, disapproving of the Stamp Act and publishing arguments in favour of a reconciliation in his London Chronicle.
However, he later developed a much more hostile attitude, writing to Hume in 1775 "I am entirely for coercive methods with these obstinate madmen." He voted with Parliament, declaring the patriots as "rebels", which prompted Franklin to write him a letter, which he never sent, declaring "You are now my enemy, and i am yours". This hostility also led to Benjamin Franklin ending their friendship, but reconciling after the war.[5]
Strahan and Franklin corresponded about politics and matters involving their printing businesses throughout much of their lives. There are approximately 130 surviving letters between the two men, many of which have been reprinted in The Papers of Benjamin Franklin.[6]
Parliamentary career
editIn 1774, Strahan purchased a seat as MP for the Wiltshire borough of Malmesbury, sitting as a supporter of Lord North's Tory administration. He represented that constituency until 1780, and then Wootton Bassett from 1780 to 1784, when he stood down because of ill health. He died the following year.[7]
Portrait by Reynolds
editThe original painting of Strahan by Reynolds is located at the National Portrait Gallery in London where it is part of the permanent collection. The painting was first exhibited in 1783.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Margaret Penelope ELPHINSTONE". Archived from the original on 15 August 2016. Retrieved 14 August 2016.
- ^ "William STRAHAN King's Printer and MP". Archived from the original on 15 August 2016. Retrieved 14 August 2016.
- ^ Strahan, William (1886). "Correspondence between William Strahan and David Hall, 1763-1777. From the Originals in the Possession of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania". The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography. 10 (1): 86–99. JSTOR 20084746.
- ^ "The manuscripts, Letter from Thomas Becket to William Strahan and William Rose, 25 December, 1759. Andrew Millar Project. University of Edinburgh". www.millar-project.ed.ac.uk. Retrieved 3 June 2016.
- ^ Van Doren, 1938, pp. 539-540
- ^ Labaree, 1966, p. 189
- ^ "STRAHAN, William (1715-85), of Little New St., London". History of Parliament Online. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
Sources
editExternal links
edit- Lee, Sidney, ed. (1898). . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 55. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
- unsourced article on Electric Scotland website
- Letters of David Hume to William Strahan at Online Library of Liberty
- Correspondence between William Strahan and David Hall, 1763-1777 at Historical Society of Pennsylvania
- The William Strahan Letters, dating from 1751 to 1777, are available for research use at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania.
- Reynolds' portrait of Strahan
- Robert Beatson, A Chronological Register of Both Houses of Parliament (London: Longman, Hurst, Res & Orme, 1807) [1]
- Lewis Namier & John Brooke, The History of Parliament: The House of Commons 1754-1790 (London: HMSO, 1964)