Friedrich Wilhelm Rediess (German: Friedrich Wilhelm Otto Redieß; 10 October 1900 – 8 May 1945) was the SS and police leader during the German occupation of Norway during the Second World War. He was also the commander of all SS troops stationed in occupied Norway and assumed command from 22 June 1940 to his death by suicide.
Friedrich Wilhelm Rediess | |
|---|---|
_cropped.jpg) Rediess in 1941 | |
| Born | 10 October 1900 Heinsberg, Rhine Province, German Empire |
| Died | 8 May 1945 (aged 44) Oslo, Norway |
| Allegiance |  Nazi Germany |
| Rank | SS-Obergruppenführer (General) |
| Unit |  SS 1930 – 1945 |
| Commands | SS and Police Leader, Norway |
Early life and career
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Rediess was born in Heinsberg, Prussia, German Empire, the son of a court employee. After school, Rediess became an electrician. In June 1918, he enlisted in the German Army during the First World War and served as an infantryman until the armistice in November 1918.
He then worked as an electrician until he lost his job in the Great Depression.[1]
In May 1925, Rediess joined the SA and in December was approved for membership in the Nazi Party. He led a Düsseldorf SA company in 1927 and was transferred to the SS with his unit in 1930.[1]
Promotion swiftly followed for Rediess, who achieved the rank of Gruppenführer (major general) in 1935. At one point, he served as the division commander of SS-Oberabschnitt Südost.
Second World War
editAt the onset of the Second World War, Rediess was responsible for implementing German racial laws in Prussia. He oversaw the deportation of Jews from East Prussia and was then given the task of eradicating 1,558 Jewish deportees who were deemed mentally ill.
Rediess borrowed "gas vans" and personnel from other SS units and offered a bounty of ten Reichsmark for each Jew killed.[2] It took 19 days to accomplish those killings, and Rediess reneged on the payment.[3]
After the German invasion of Norway, Rediess was transferred there to work with Reichskommissar Josef Terboven. In March 1941, citing reports of large numbers of Norwegian women being impregnated by German soldiers, Rediess implemented the German Lebensborn program in Norway.
The program encouraged the production of "racially pure" Aryan children, who were usually sired by SS troops. Ultimately, 8,000 children were born under the auspices of the program, which made Norway second only to Germany in registered Aryan births during the war.[4]
Death
editRediess committed suicide by a self-inflicted gunshot wound upon the collapse of the Third Reich in Norway on 8 May 1945.[5] His remains were destroyed on the same day that Terboven killed himself by detonating fifty kilograms of dynamite in a bunker on the Skaugum compound.
Awards and decorations
editAmong his many decorations was the Honour Cross of the World War without Swords, the Danzig Cross, 1st Class, the NSDAP Long Service Award in Bronze (10 years) and Silver (15 years), the SS Long Service Award (10 years), the SS-Ehrendegen, the DRL/Reich Sports Badge (Deutsches Reichssportabzeichen) in Silver on 13 August 1937, the Rider's Badge, the SA Sports Badge in Gold, the SS-Ehrenring, the War Merit Cross (1939), 2nd and 1st Class with Swords (1st Class on 30 January 1942) and the Iron Cross (1939), 2nd Class on 11 November 1943.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b Bohn, Robert (2000). Reichskommissariat Norwegen: »Nationalsozialistische Neuordnung« und Kriegswirtschaft. Oldenbourg Verlag. p. 72. ISBN 9783486596083.
- ^ Burleigh, Michael (1994). Death and Deliverance: 'Euthanasia' in Germany, c. 1900 to 1945. CUP Archive. p. 132. ISBN 9780521477697.
- ^ Friedlander, Henry (1997). The Origins of Nazi Genocide: From Euthanasia to the Final Solution. Univ of North Carolina Press. pp. 139–140. ISBN 9780807846759.
- ^ Ericsson, Kjersti; Simonsen, Eva, eds. (2005). Children of World War II: The Hidden Enemy Legacy. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 19–20. ISBN 9781845208806.
- ^ Goeschel, Christian (2009). Suicide in Nazi Germany. OUP Oxford. p. 153. ISBN 978-0191567568.