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William II (German: Wilhelm Karl Paul Heinrich Friedrich; 25 February 1848 – 2 October 1921) was the last King of Württemberg. He ruled from 6 October 1891 until the dissolution of the kingdom on 30 November 1918. He was the last German ruler to abdicate in the wake of the November Revolution of 1918.
| William II | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
.jpg) King William in 1892 | |||||
| King of Württemberg | |||||
| Reign | 6 October 1891 – 30 November 1918 | ||||
| Predecessor | Charles I | ||||
| Successor | Monarchy abolished | ||||
| Born | 25 February 1848 Stuttgart, Kingdom of Württemberg | ||||
| Died | 2 October 1921 (aged 73) Bebenhausen, Württemberg, Weimar Republic | ||||
| Spouse | |||||
| Issue | Pauline, Princess of Wied Prince Ulrich | ||||
| |||||
| House | Württemberg | ||||
| Father | Prince Frederick of Württemberg | ||||
| Mother | Princess Catherine of Württemberg | ||||
| Religion | Lutheran | ||||
Early years
editWilliam was born the son of Prince Frederick of Württemberg (1808–1870) by his wife Princess Catherine Frederica of Württemberg (1821–1898), herself the daughter of King William I of Württemberg (1781–1864). His parents were first cousins, being the children of two brothers, and William was their only child.
William's growing years coincided with a progressive diminution of Württemberg's sovereignty and international presence, concomitant with the process of German unification. In 1870, Württemberg took the side of Prussia in the Franco-German War. In 1871, Württemberg became a state of the German Empire, a significant limitation on its sovereignty.
King of Württemberg
edit
William's father died in 1870, but his mother lived to see him seated on the throne of Württemberg. In 1891, William succeeded his childless maternal uncle, King Charles I (1823–1891) and became King of Württemberg. This was not, as it may seem, a departure from the Salic law which governed succession in the German states; his claim to the throne came because he was the nearest agnatic heir of his uncle, as the senior male-line descendant of Frederick I of Württemberg through his younger son Prince Paul.
King William became a Generalfeldmarschall during World War I. In 1918, he was deposed from the throne along with the other German rulers. King William finally abdicated on 30 November 1918,[1] ending over 800 years of the House of Württemberg rule. He died in 1921 at Bebenhausen.
Personality and interests
editConsidered to be a popular monarch, William had the habit of walking his two dogs in public parks in Stuttgart without being attended by bodyguards or the like. During these excursions, he would often be greeted by his subjects with a simple Herr König ("Mister King").
Despite living in a landlocked kingdom, William II was a yachting enthusiast. The king was instrumental in the establishment of the Württembergischer Yacht Club (formerly "Königlich Württembergischer Yacht-Club" or Royal Yacht Club of Württemberg) in 1911 on Lake Constance.
Marriages and children
editOn 15 February 1877 at Arolsen he married Princess Marie of Waldeck and Pyrmont (1857–1882). They had three children:
- Princess Pauline of Württemberg (19 December 1877 – 7 May 1965); married in 1898 William Frederick, Prince of Wied (1872–1945), and had issue.
- Prince Ulrich of Württemberg (28 July 1880 – 28 December 1880), died in infancy
- A stillborn daughter (24 April 1882)
Marie died on 30 April 1882 in Stuttgart, from complications resulting from the birth of their third child. William, already depressed by the death of his only son, is said never to have recovered from this blow.
Nevertheless, he was King and it was his duty to secure the succession. On 8 April 1886, at Bückeburg, he married Princess Charlotte of Schaumburg-Lippe (1864–1946). They had no children.
Succession
editOn William II's death in 1921 without male issue, the royal branch of the House of Württemberg became extinct, and the headship of the house devolved to Albrecht, Duke of Württemberg, head of the Catholic cadet branch of the dynasty, based at Altshausen. Albrecht was a descendant of Alexander of Württemberg, the 7th son of Frederick II Eugene, Duke of Württemberg (1732–1797).
Honours
edit- German awards[2]
Württemberg:[3]
- Grand Cross of the Württemberg Crown, 1862
- Grand Cross of the Friedrich Order
- Knight of the Military Merit Order, 18 August 1866;[4] Commander, 7 November 1886
Anhalt: Grand Cross of the Order of Albert the Bear, 1889[5]
Baden: Knight of the House Order of Fidelity, 1876[6]
Bavaria:
- Knight of St. Hubert, 1877[7]
- Grand Cross of the Military Order of Max Joseph
Brunswick: Grand Cross of the Order of Henry the Lion, 1899[8]
Ernestine duchies: Grand Cross of the Saxe-Ernestine House Order, 1874[9]
Hesse and by Rhine: Grand Cross of the Ludwig Order, 24 March 1893[10]
Lippe:
- Cross of Honour of the House Order of Lippe, 1st Class
- Military Merit Medal (Schaumburg-Lippe)
Mecklenburg: Grand Cross of the Wendish Crown, with Crown in Ore
Nassau Ducal Family: Knight of the Gold Lion of Nassau
Oldenburg: Grand Cross of the Order of Duke Peter Friedrich Ludwig, with Golden Crown, 13 February 1877[11]
Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach: Grand Cross of the White Falcon, 1892[12]
Saxony:
- Knight of the Rue Crown, 1886[13]
- Grand Cross of the Military Order of St. Henry
Prussia:
- Knight of the Black Eagle, 1 June 1870; with Collar, 1872[14]
- Grand Commander's Cross of the Royal House Order of Hohenzollern, 11 June 1879[14]
- Knight of Honour of the Johanniter Order, 28 July 1885[14]
- Pour le Mérite (military)
- Iron Cross, 2nd Class
Hohenzollern: Cross of Honour of the Princely House Order of Hohenzollern, 1st Class
- Foreign awards[2]
Austria-Hungary:
- Grand Cross of the Royal Hungarian Order of St. Stephen, 1886[15]
- Military Merit Cross, 1st Class
Kingdom of Italy: Knight of the Annunciation, 25 September 1893[16]
Empire of Japan: Grand Cordon of the Order of the Chrysanthemum, 23 May 1896[17]
Netherlands: Grand Cross of the Netherlands Lion
Russian Empire:
- Knight of St. Andrew
- Knight of St. Alexander Nevsky
- Knight of the White Eagle
- Knight of St. Anna, 1st Class
- Knight of St. Stanislaus, 1st Class
- Knight of St. George, 4th Class
Spain: Knight of the Golden Fleece, 3 May 1892[18]
Sweden: Knight of the Seraphim, 9 July 1913[19]
United Kingdom: Stranger Knight Companion of the Garter, 23 February 1904[20]
Arms
edit Royal Monogram of King Wilhelm II of Württemberg |
 Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Württemberg, 1817 |
 Royal Monogram of King Wilhelm II of Württemberg, Variant |
.svg) Coat of Arms of King Wilhelm II as a Knight of the Golden Fleece |
Ancestry
edit| Ancestors of William II of Württemberg |
|---|
See also
editReferences
edit
- ^ Abdication text (in German)
- ^ a b Staatshandbuch für Württemberg. 1889. p. 283.
- ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Württemberg (1889), "Königliche Orden" pp. 26, 56, 60
- ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Württemberg (1886/7) "Königliche Orden" p. 52
- ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch für des Herzogtum Anhalt (1894), "Herzoglicher Haus-Orden Albrecht des Bären" p. 17
- ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden (1910), "Großherzogliche Orden" p. 39
- ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreichs Bayern (1906), "Königliche Orden" p. 7
- ^ Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Herzogtums Braunschweig für 1905. Braunschweig 1905. Meyer. p. 11
- ^ Staatshandbücher für das Herzogtum Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha (1884), "Herzogliche Sachsen-Ernestinischer Hausorden" p. 32
- ^ "Ludewigs-orden", Großherzoglich Hessische Ordensliste (in German), Darmstadt: Staatsverlag, 1914, p. 5 – via hathitrust.org
- ^ Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Großherzogtums Oldenburg0: 1879. Schulze. 1879. p. 34.
- ^ Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach Archived 2020-09-06 at the Wayback Machine (1900), "Großherzogliche Hausorden" p. 16
- ^ Sachsen (1901). "Königlich Orden". Staatshandbuch für den Königreich Sachsen: 1901. Dresden: Heinrich. p. 4 – via hathitrust.org.
- ^ a b c "Königlich Preussische Ordensliste", Preussische Ordens-Liste (in German), 1, Berlin: 7, 935, 1052, 1886 – via hathitrust.org
- ^ "A Szent István Rend tagjai" Archived 22 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Italia : Ministero dell'interno (1898). Calendario generale del Regno d'Italia. Unione tipografico-editrice. p. 54.
- ^ 刑部芳則 (2017). 明治時代の勲章外交儀礼 (PDF) (in Japanese). 明治聖徳記念学会紀要. p. 149.
- ^ "Caballeros de la insigne orden del toisón de oro", Guía Oficial de España (in Spanish), 1895, p. 166, retrieved 21 March 2019
- ^ Sveriges statskalender (in Swedish), 1915, p. 671, retrieved 2018-01-06 – via runeberg.org
- ^ Shaw, Wm. A. (1906) The Knights of England, I, London, p. 72