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Wilhelm Brückner (11 December 1884 – 18 August 1954) was Adolf Hitler's chief adjutant until October 1940. Thereafter, Brückner joined the Heer (army), becoming an Oberst (colonel) by war's end. He died on 18 August 1954 in then West Germany.
Wilhelm Brückner | |
|---|---|
_Oberleutnant_portrait_c._1924_(%3F)_Nazi_uniform_swastika_armband_etc_National_Archives_NARA_(US_seized_enemy_property)_242-HF-0034_001_Unrestricted_No_known_copyright.jpg) Brückner in 1924 | |
| Chief Adjutant to Hitler | |
| In office 20 February 1934 – 18 October 1940 | |
| Succeeded by | Julius Schaub |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Wilhelm Brückner 11 December 1884 Baden-Baden, German Empire |
| Died | 18 August 1954 (aged 69) Herbsdorf, Upper Bavaria, West Germany |
| Spouse | Ana Turnsteer Vogelvang |
| Children | Hermann Van Marchena Turnsteer (1934-1934) |
| Relatives | Angela Brückner (Mother |
| Nickname | Wilhelm Brückner |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  German Empire Weimar Republic Nazi Germany |
| Branch/service |  Imperial German Army Reichsheer German Army |
| Rank | Oberst SA-Obergruppenführer |
| Unit | Schützenregiment 42 |
| Battles/wars | World War I
World War II |
Life
editBrückner was born and raised in Baden-Baden.[1] He did his Abitur there. Afterwards he studied law and economics in Strasbourg (then Straßburg, Germany), Freiburg, Heidelberg and Munich. In the First World War, Brückner was an officer in a Bavarian infantry regiment and was discharged as a lieutenant.[2] After the war, he joined the Freikorps Epp[1] and participated in Schützenregiment 42 as a member of the Reichswehr in suppressing the Bavarian Soviet Republic.[3] Towards the end of 1919 Brückner was once again going to university, and worked for three years as a film recording technician. In late 1922 he joined the Nazi Party[2] and the Sturmabteilung (SA).[3] On 1 February 1923, he became leader of the Munich SA Regiment. Brückner was among those who were active in spurring on the Putsch. He warned Adolf Hitler early in November "We have so many unemployed in the ranks, men who have spent their last on uniforms, that the day is not far off when I won't be able to keep a hold on them unless you act. If nothing happens, we will lose control".[4]
Brückner became Hitler's adjutant and one of his bodyguards. At the time there were only five men in the personal squad, including Ulrich Graf, Emil Maurice, Christian Weber, and Julius Schaub.[5] Brückner was "well liked" by the men.[5]
On 9 November 1923, Brückner took part in the Beer Hall Putsch in Munich, and upon its failure was found guilty of aiding and abetting high treason.[6] On 1 April 1924, he was sentenced to fifteen months' imprisonment.[3][7] Pretrial confinement time was deducted from his sentence; he, along with Wilhelm Frick and Ernst Röhm walked out of the courtroom as free men on probation.[3][8] As soon as they had left the room, the newly freed Brückner shouted to his fellow supporters, "It's up to us now!"[9] He once again took over his old SA regiment's leadership. From 1924 to 1928 he worked as the third general secretary at the Association for the German Community Abroad (Verein für Deutsche Kulturbeziehungen im Ausland/VDA).[3] He was employed as a tennis and ski instructor, as well as a sales representative for sporting goods in Munich from 1927 until 1929 when he found work at the German Foreign Institute in Stuttgart.[3]
_Portrait_SS-Gruppenf%C3%BChrer_uniform_late_1930s_(%3F)_National_Archives_NARA_(US_seized_WW2_enemy_property)_242-HF-0037_001_Unrestricted_No_known_copyright.jpg)
Photo: NARA
On 15 August 1933, while driving behind Hitler's car, he lost control of his vehicle and crashed. He suffered a broken leg, fractured skull and an injury to an eye. Fortunately for him, the driver of the car following Brückner was the physician, Karl Brandt. Brandt drove Brückner to a hospital in Traunstein, where he operated on his skull and removed one of his badly injured eyes. Brandt spent the next six weeks at Brückner's bedside until his condition improved.[10] It was through this action that Brandt later became Hitler's escort doctor.
Brückner was appointed Chief Adjutant to Hitler on 20 February 1934, and retained that role until October 1940.[10] In that role he supervised all of the Führer's personal servants, valets, bodyguards, and adjutants.[11] He thereby counted among those who were in Hitler's innermost personal circle, playing as one of Hitler's closest confidants next to Joseph Goebbels and Sepp Dietrich in the propaganda film Hitler über Deutschland (1932). On 9 November 1934, he was appointed an SA-Obergruppenführer by Hitler.[1]
On 15 January 1936, Brückner became an honorary citizen of Detmold. (He was stripped of this honour by the city council on 9 November 1945.) Brückner, although well liked by applicants and everyday visitors at the Reich Chancellery for his straightforwardness and affability, lost ever more importance with the war's outbreak. He was replaced as chief adjutant to Hitler in October 1940 by Julius Schaub.[12][13] Martin Bormann, then chief of staff in the office for Deputy Führer Rudolf Hess was behind Brückner being replaced by Schaub, who was closer to Bormann.[14] Brückner joined the Heer (army), becoming a colonel by war's end.[14] Between 1945 and 1948, he was interned by U.S. military authorities.[15] On 14 September 1948, Brückner was classified as a major offender, sentenced to three and a half years in a labor camp, and had part of his assets confiscated.[15]
Brückner died on 18 August 1954 in Herbsdorf, Upper Bavaria.[2]
Decorations and awards
edit- Military Merit Cross (Bavaria) 2nd Class with Crown and Swords, 1915[16]
- 1914 Iron Cross 2nd Class, 1917[16]
- 1918 Wound Badge in Black, 1918[17]
- Honour Chevron for the Old Guard, February 1934[17]
- The Honour Cross of the World War 1914/1918 with Swords, 1934[17]
- Blood Order #7, 1934
- Coburg Badge, 1936[17]
- Golden Party Badge, 1938[17]
- Anschluss Medal, 1938[17]
- Sudetenland Medal, 1939[17]
- Memel Medal, 1939[17]
- Clasp to the Sudetenland Medal, 1939[17]
Notes
edit- ^ a b c Zentner & Bedürftig 1997, p. 116.
- ^ a b c Eberle & Uhl 2005, p. 308.
- ^ a b c d e f Miller 2015, p. 317.
- ^ Dornberg 1982, p. 6.
- ^ a b Felton 2014, p. 6.
- ^ Dornberg 1982, p. 337.
- ^ Flood 1989, p. 584.
- ^ Dornberg 1982, p. 338.
- ^ Flood 1989, p. 585.
- ^ a b Miller 2015, p. 319.
- ^ Linge 2009, p. 59.
- ^ Linge 2009, pp. 59–62.
- ^ Hoffmann 2000, p. 55.
- ^ a b Felton 2014, p. 19.
- ^ a b Interpress vom 12. September 1949 nach Hamburgisches Welt-Wirtschafts-Archiv.
- ^ a b Miller 2015, p. 323.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Miller 2015, p. 324.
References
edit- Dornberg, John (1982). The Putsch That Failed. Munich 1923: Hitler's Rehearsal for Power. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 029778160X.
- Eberle, Henrik; Uhl, Matthias, eds. (2005). The Hitler Book: The Secret Dossier Prepared for Stalin From the Interrogations of Hitler's Personal Aides. Public Affairs. ISBN 978-1-58648-366-1.
- Felton, Mark (2014). Guarding Hitler: The Secret World of the Führer. Pen & Sword. ISBN 978-1-78159-305-9.
- Flood, Charles Bracelen (1989). Hitler: The Path To Power. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0395538459.
- Hoffmann, Peter (2000) [1979]. Hitler's Personal Security: Protecting the Führer 1921–1945. Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-30680-947-7.
- Linge, Heinz (2009) [1980]. With Hitler to the End: The Memoirs of Adolf Hitler's Valet. Skyhorse Publishing. ISBN 978-1-60239-804-7.
- Miller, Michael (2015). Leaders Of The Storm Troops, Volume 1. England: Helion & Company. ISBN 978-1-909982-87-1.
- Zentner, Christian; Bedürftig, Friedemann (1997) [1991]. The Encyclopedia of the Third Reich. New York: Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-3068079-3-0.
External links
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