Wikipedia:Category names

This guideline documents an English Wikipedia naming convention.

Editors should generally follow it, though exceptions may apply. Substantive edits to this page should reflect consensus. When in doubt, discuss first on this guideline's talk page.

Shortcuts

This page in a nutshell: Category names should be specific, neutral, inclusive, and follow certain conventions, such as Category:Natural history of Venezuela, Category:Hospitals in Denmark or Category:Australian journalists.

This page contains a list of guidelines concerning naming conventions for categories. If you wish to propose a new naming convention for categories or modify an existing convention, please do so on the talk page.

General conventions

And when naming a category, use sentence case, do not use title case. Specifically, do not capitalize regular nouns except when they come at the beginning of the category name.
Do not write the category structure in names. Example: "Monarchs", not "People – Monarchs". This includes creating categories that are subpages of other categories.
Choose category names that can stand alone, independent of the way a category is connected to other categories. Example: "Geography terminology stubs", not "Terminology" (a subcategory of "Geography stubs").

Project categories

Categories used for Wikipedia administration, are disambiguated by prepending with the word "Wikipedia" (no colon) if this is needed to prevent confusion with content categories. For example, Category:Inactive project pages (where no confusion is likely), but Category:Wikipedia tools (as distinct from the content category Tools).
All WikiProject categories should have "WikiProject" (or "WikiProjects") as part of the name. Note that this does not apply to the names of categories that projects might create for the use of assessments. In these cases, the advice given in Project Categories, which conforms to Category:Wikipedia 1.0 assessments is advised, though not mandatory.
For geographical photo requests, the category name should be "Wikipedia requested photographs in xxx" as in [[Category:Wikipedia requested photographs in England]]; see Category:Wikipedia requested photographs by location.
For categorization in userspace, see Wikipedia:Categorization § User pages and Wikipedia:User categories § Naming conventions.

Naming conventions for article categories

Standard article naming conventions apply: Generally, category names are based on what the subject is called in verifiable reliable sources (particularly for technical subjects), so that those sources may be used to support inclusion of information. When this offers multiple possibilities, editors choose among them by considering several principles: the ideal category name uses words and phrases which precisely identify the subject; it is neutral, short, natural, distinguishable and recognizable; and resembles names for similar categories.
Avoid subjective adjectives such as famous, large, or beautiful in category titles.
Avoid abbreviations. Example: "Category:Military equipment of World War II", not "Category:Military equipment of WW2". However, acronyms that have become the official, or generally used, name (such as NATO) should be used where there are no other conflicts. Exceptions to this should be explained in the category description.
Because no two articles can have the same title, it is sometimes necessary to add distinguishing information, often in the form of a description in parentheses after the name. When a topic requires disambiguation, any category eponymously named for that topic should include the same form of disambiguation, even if no other articles are likely to have an eponymous category.
Naming guidelines for subcategories of Category:Stub categories are listed at Wikipedia:WikiProject Stub sorting/Naming conventions § Stub categories.

Topic and set categories

Names of topic categories should be singular, normally corresponding to the name of a Wikipedia article. Examples: "Law", "France", "Hillary Clinton".
Names of set categories should be plural. Examples: "Writers", "Villages in Poland".
Note that in many instances a topic category and a set category have similar names, the topic category being singular and the set category plural. For example, Opera is a topic category (containing all articles relating to the topic), while Operas is a set category (containing articles about specific operas). Be careful to choose the right one when categorizing articles.

Categorizing articles about people

Descent

For categorizing people by ancestry or ethnicity, the format is: "FOOian people of BARian descent", where "FOOian" is the person's nationality (country of citizenship) and "BARian" is the person's ethnic ancestry (such as Category:Irish people of Ghanaian descent and Category:American people of German descent).

Occupation

Currently, Wikipedia supports categorizing people by occupation, such as: People by educational institution and People by company, as well as other more specific categories.

For categorizing people by occupation, the format is: FOOs, where FOO is the occupation name (such as Category:Editors); or People in FOO or FOO people, where FOO is the topic of the occupation (such as Category:People in agriculture‎ or Category:Music people).

Occupation categories should not be divided into "current" or "former" categories. For example, Category:Former child actors and Category:Current Minnesota Twins players should not exist.

Residence

For categorizing people by place of residence, the format is: People from Foo (not "Natives of Foo"). Where the commonly used English name for residents of a place is well-known globally (usually the original place of that name), Fooite demonym categories should be {{category redirect}}ed to People from Foo, in order to assist with automated categorization (for example, Category:New Yorkers).

Place of burial

For categorizing people by place of burial, the format is: Burials at Foo Cemetery.

Time periods

By convention, a category name designating a time period with a number (in Arabic numerals) represents a calendar year in the Common Era. For categorizing people by years BCE, the format is: "<year number> BC", for example Category:220 BC deaths.

For categorizing people by century, the format is: Category:xx-century foos or Category:xx-century BC foos.

Categories by country

All categories whose subcategories are categories by country (roughly all categories that are members of Category:Categories by country) shall have a per-category naming convention which will apply to all of their subcategories. These naming conventions, their guidelines and their exceptions are listed here. Non-conformance to these naming conventions shall be treated as a criterion for "speedy category renaming" as defined on WP:CFD.

Events

Categories regarding events in countries (along with years and time) are named "... in country." This guideline applies to:

Millennia - Centuries - Decades - Years - Establishments - Disestablishments

Manufactured objects

For categorizing permanently located manufactured objects by country, the format is: "... in country". This guideline applies to:

Airports - American football venues - Amusement parks - Archaeological sites - Art museums - Association football venues - Athletics (track and field) venues (mostly named "athletics" as per non-U.S. usage) - Baseball venues - Basketball venues - Bridges - Buildings and structures - Casinos - Castles - Cathedrals - Cemeteries - Churches - Cities - Cricket grounds - Forts - Gardens - Ghost towns - Golf clubs and courses - Horse racing venues - Hospitals - Hotels - Indoor arenas - Libraries - Monasteries - Motorsport venues - Mosques - Museums - Palaces - Parks - Prisons - Railway stations - Reservoirs - Roads - Rugby union stadiums - Schools - Shopping malls (or shopping centres, based on local usage) - Skyscrapers - Sports venues - Theatres - Towns - Universities and colleges ("Universities" categories are also legitimate in countries where universities and colleges are distinct, i.e. most countries, and are often a subcategory) - Villages - World Heritage Sites - Zoos

Landforms

For categorizing landforms by country, the format is: "... of country". This guideline applies to:

Landforms (top category) - Beaches - Hills - Islands - Lakes - Mountains - Mountain passes - Mountain ranges - Peninsulas - Rivers - Volcanoes

Companies

For categorizing "by country" subcategories of all <company type> by country categories, the format is: ... of country. This guideline applies to:

Airlines - Banks - Book publishing companies - Companies - Defunct companies - Engineering companies - Financial services companies - Insurance companies - Manufacturing companies - Retail companies

State-based topics

For categorizing topics usually in the domain of the state, the format is: "... of country".

Administrative divisions - Foreign relations - Government - Military - Military equipment - Military units and formations - Municipalities * - National parks - Postal systems - Protected areas

Administrative divisions use the "of" format and settlements use the "in" format. Municipalities are usually found in non-English speaking countries as third tier administrative divisions covering the whole country including rural areas. In most cases, there are separate designations for settlements such as cities and towns. However where the designation "municipality" is used solely for urban settlements (example, Romania) or where it is the only official designation for cities and towns (example, Spain), the category takes the "in" form.

Political office-holders

For categorizing subcategories of <political office> by country, the format is:

... of country for those concerning holders of a specific office with jurisdiction over a country
... in country for those that group offices of a certain type, operating within a country

This guideline applies to:

Political office-holders - Heads of government - Heads of state - Legislators - Government ministers (or "cabinet secretaries" if that is local usage) - minister lists - Presidents - Prime ministers

For categorizing specific jurisdictions within a country, province, state, or equivalent, the format is: ... of places in ...
For categorizing the specific jurisdiction, the format is: ... of place

This guideline applies to:

Mayors

Sport

For categorizing "by-country" subcategories of all <sport name> by country, the format is: ... in country. This guideline applies to:

Athletics - Association football (Australia, Canada and USA: "soccer") - Baseball - Basketball - Clubs and teams - Cricket - Cycle racing - Golf - Horse racing - Ice hockey - Motorsport - Rugby league - Rugby union - Sport (or sports if that is local usage) - Tennis

Miscellaneous "of country"

For categorizing subcategories of these categories, the format is: "... of country".

Cinema - Coins - Demographics - Economies - Environment - Fauna - Geography - History - Languages - Natural history - Politics - Ships - Trade unions - Weapons

Miscellaneous "in country"

For categorizing subcategories of these categories, the format is: "... in country".

Aviation - Business - Capital punishment - Communications - Crime - Disasters - Education - Ethnic groups - Health - Human rights - Landmarks - Law enforcement - Mass media - Nature conservation - Political parties - Populated places - Public holidays - Rail transport - Religion - Science and technology - Television - Tourism - Transportation (or transport if that is local usage)

Miscellaneous "involving country"

For categorizing subcategories of these categories, the format is: "... involving country".

Battles - Military operations - Naval battles - Sieges - Wars

Miscellaneous

Aircraft ("manufactured by Foo") - Charities ("based in Foo") - Environmental organizations ("based in Foo") - Newspapers ("published in Foo") - Organizations ("based in Foo")

Undecided by country

The convention for these categories is yet to be decided. See the talk page for details. These will be moved up as consensus develops.

Films - Category:Films by country
Magazines - Category:Magazines by country
Law - Category:Law by country (currently mostly "Fooish law")

Technical categories

For categorizing Images by country, the format is: "Images of country".
For categorizing Lists by country, the format is: "Country-related lists"
For categorizing Stubs by region, the format is: "Country stubs".

How to name the country

For "of country" and "in country" categories, the name of the country should appear as it does in the name of the article about that country, with a lowercase "the" if needed for grammatical purposes. Non-sovereign, disputed, supranational, and historical countries and geographic equivalents may be included if the articles to be categorized require it. For reference, see List of sovereign states, List of dependent territories, and the following list.

In category naming, country names should not be abbreviated (except to the extent that they are already in their respective article titles – for example, "United Kingdom", but not "UK" or "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland").

(Note: Links to articles are shown only for reference; links obviously cannot appear in the actual title of a category.)

of the Republic of the Congo for Congo-Brazzaville
of the Democratic Republic of the Congo for Congo-Kinshasa (formerly Zaire)
of China (common name for the People's Republic of China)
of Taiwan (common name for the Republic of China)
- See also: Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Chinese)#Political NPOV
of the Republic of Ireland (for the modern-day state)
of Northern Ireland (for the modern-day country)
of Cyprus (Greek and Turkish Cyprus usually have combined categories)
of Samoa (independent country)
of American Samoa (U.S. territory)
of Russia (for the modern-day country)
of the Bahamas
of Bosnia and Herzegovina
of the British Virgin Islands
of the Cayman Islands
of the Central African Republic
of the Comoros
of the Cook Islands
of the Czech Republic
of the Dominican Republic
of Eswatini
of the Falkland Islands
of the Faroe Islands
of the Federated States of Micronesia
of the Gambia
of Georgia (country)
of the Isle of Man
of Ivory Coast
of Kosovo
of the Maldives
of Malta
of the Marshall Islands
of the Netherlands
of North Macedonia
of the Philippines
of the Pitcairn Islands
of Saint Kitts and Nevis
of Seychelles
of the Solomon Islands
of Ukraine
of the United Arab Emirates
of the United Kingdom
of the United States
of the United States Virgin Islands
of Vatican City
of Wallis and Futuna
of Western Sahara
of Azerbaijan
of East Timor
of Yemen (the modern-day country that unified former North and South Yemen in the 1990s)
of North Korea
of South Korea
of Slovenia
of Croatia
of Serbia
of Montenegro

Supranational:

of the European Union
of Ireland (island-wide)
etc., on a case-by-case basis

Historical:

of the Irish Free State (historical material only)
of the Netherlands Antilles (former dependent territory only)
of the Soviet Union (former country only)
of Yugoslavia (former country only)
of Serbia and Montenegro (former country only)
etc., on a case-by-case basis

Dealing with overlaps

When historical and political complexities (such as mergers and splits) create articles that belong to two countries, do not create a "Foo of X and Y". Instead, list articles in both "Foo of X" and "Foo of Y"; for example, "Foo of Russia" and "Foo of the Soviet Union", not "Foo of Russia and the Soviet Union". The same applies for geographic features that cross national borders, for example "Foo of the United States" and "Foo of Canada", not "Foo of the United States and Canada".

Categories by nationality

All categories whose subcategories are categories by nationality (roughly all categories that are members of Category:People by nationality or Category:Works by nationality) shall have a per-category naming convention which will apply to all of their subcategories. These naming conventions, their guidelines and their exceptions are listed here. Non-conformance to these naming conventions shall be treated as a criterion for "speedy category renaming" as defined on WP:CFD. Changing these conventions shall require a consensual discussion either directly at WP:CFD or publicized there.

Cultural topics

National subcategories of these categories are named using the nationality rather than the country name, as they follow the national diasporas. However, the container categories are named "by country", e.g. Category:Art by country and Category:Culture by country.^[1]

Art - Cuisine - Culture - Literature - Music - Plays

Note that many other sub-topics of "Society" are named using the country name, and so are some cultural topics e.g. Architecture and Classical music.

People by nationality

For categorizing subcategories of People by nationality, the format is: "nationality ...".

Murderers - Musical groups - People by nationality and occupation - People by occupation and nationality - People

Nationality and occupation

For categorizing people by their nationality and occupation, the format is: "fooian fooers", such as Category:Ethiopian musicians.

Concurrent citizenship may be reflected by categorizing the article by each nationality. For example, Category:Canadian actors and Category:American actors for a dual American–Canadian citizen. Categories that combine two nationalities with an occupation, generally should not be created.

The category description should mention the most commonly used names ("Fooians", or "Fooers"), which can be found in verifiable reliable sources.

The template {{Fooian fooers}} can be used to provide navigation on each category page. For example:

Classification: People: By occupation: Entertainers: Musicians: By nationality: Ethiopian

also: Ethiopia: People: By occupation: Entertainers: Musicians

Please note that this template may need to be modified for some categories. To avoid ambiguity, some nationalities are listed as "People of Foo" instead of "Fooian"; for example, "Georgian people" could mean either Category:People from Georgia (country) or Category:People from Georgia (U.S. state). For those categories, use {{Fooers from Boo}}. For sub-categories of Category:People from Northern Ireland by occupation, use {{Fooers from Northern Ireland}}.
Similarly, some nationalities are listed as "Country people" instead of "Fooian people", such as Category:Bosnia and Herzegovina musicians and Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo musicians. In those cases the value used for "nationality" is the name of the country.

How to name a nationality

A list of adjectival forms of place names is available on Wikipedia. In situations where multiple adjectives are possible for a particular nationality (e.g., Argentine vs. Argentinean), discussions at categories for discussion have frequently opted for one alternative over another to ensure consistency in category naming. Note that the singular-form demonym and adjective for many nationalities are not interchangeable. (i.e., Icelander vs. Icelandic; New Zealander vs. New Zealand). Most category names use the adjectival form, not the noun-form demonym.

Some states do not possess unambiguous (i.e., "Congolese" for Democratic Republic of the Congo) or universally-applicable (i.e., "Bosnian" for Bosnia and Herzegovina) adjectives. In these circumstances, the format is: "Country FOO", where Country is the unamended name of the country.

The list below reflects the most recent consensuses on what form to use for particular nationalities. These adopted forms may be subject to change by consensus and proposals to do so can be made by nominating the affected categories at categories for discussion. References are included to discussions that have discussed particular name formats.

Current nationalities

Abkhazian FOOs (Abkhazia)
Afghan FOOs^[2] (Afghanistan)
Albanian FOOs (Albania)
Algerian FOOs (Algeria)
American FOOs^[3] (United States)
American Samoan FOOs (American Samoa)
Andorran FOOs (Andorra)
Angolan FOOs (Angola)
Anguillan FOOs^[4] (Anguilla)
Antigua and Barbuda FOOs^[5] (Antigua and Barbuda)
Argentine FOOs^[6] (Argentina)
Armenian FOOs^[7] (Armenia)
Aruban FOOs^[8] (Aruba)
Australian FOOs (Australia)
Austrian FOOs (Austria)
Azerbaijani FOOs^[9] (Azerbaijan)
Bahamaian FOOs (The Bahamas)
Bahraini FOOs (Bahrain)
Bangladeshi FOOs (Bangladesh)
Barbadian FOOs (Barbados)
Belarusian FOOs (Belarus)
Belgian FOOs (Belgium)
Belizean FOOs^[10] (Belize)
Beninese FOOs (Benin)
Bermudian (Bermuda)
Bhutanese FOOs (Bhutan)
Bissau-Guinean FOOs^[11] (Guinea-Bissau)
Bolivian FOOs (Bolivia)
Bonaire FOOs (Bonaire)
Bosnia and Herzegovina FOOs^[12] (Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Botswana FOOs^[13] (Botswana)
Brazilian FOOs (Brazil)
British FOOs^[14] (United Kingdom)
British Antarctic Territory FOOs (British Antarctic Territory)
British Indian Ocean Territory FOOs (British Indian Ocean Territory)
British Virgin Islands FOOs (British Virgin Islands)
Bruneian FOOs^[15] (Brunei)
Bulgarian FOOs (Bulgaria)
Burkinabé FOOs (Burkina Faso)
Burmese FOOs^[16] (Myanmar)
Burundian FOOs (Burundi)
Cambodian FOOs (Cambodia)
Cameroonian FOOs (Cameroon)
Canadian FOOs^[17] (Canada)
Cape Verdean FOOs (Cape Verde)
Caymanian FOOs^[18] (Cayman Islands)
Central African Republic FOOs^[19] (Central African Republic)
Chadian FOOs (Chad)
Chilean FOOs (Chile)
Chinese FOOs (China)
Colombian FOOs (Colombia)
Comorian FOOs^[20] (Comoros)
Democratic Republic of the Congo FOOs^[21] (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
Republic of the Congo FOOs^[22] (Republic of the Congo)
Cook Island FOOs (for people);^[23] Cook Islands FOOs (for inanimate things) (Cook Islands)
Costa Rican FOOs (Costa Rica)
Croatian FOOs^[24] (Croatia)
Cuban FOOs (Cuba)
Curaçao FOOs^[25] (Curaçao)
Cypriot FOOs (Cyprus)
Czech FOOs^[26] (Czech Republic)
Danish FOOs^[27] (Denmark)
Djiboutian FOOs (Djibouti)
Dominica FOOs^[28] (Dominica)
Dominican Republic FOOs^[29] (Dominican Republic)
Dutch FOOs (Netherlands)
East Timorese FOOs^[30] (East Timor)
Ecuadorian FOOs (Ecuador)
Egyptian FOOs (Egypt)
Emirati FOOs^[31] (United Arab Emirates)
English FOOs^[32] (England)
Equatoguinean FOOs^[33] (Equatorial Guinea)
Eritrean FOOs (Eritrea)
Estonian FOOs (Estonia)
Ethiopian FOOs (Ethiopia)
Falkland Islands FOOs^[34] (Falkland Islands)
Faroese FOOs (Faroe Islands)
Fijian FOOs^[35] (Fiji)
Filipino FOOs (for people);^[36] Philippine FOOs (for inanimate things)^[36] (Philippines)
Finnish FOOs^[37] (Finland)
French FOOs (France)
French Guianan FOOs^[38] (French Guiana)
French Polynesian FOOs^[39] (French Polynesia)
Gabonese FOOs^[40] (Gabon)
Gambian FOOs (The Gambia)
FOOs from/of Georgia^[41] (Georgia)
German FOOs (Germany)
Ghanaian FOOs^[42] (Ghana)
Gibraltarian FOOs^[43] (Gibraltar)
Greek FOOs (Greece)
Greenlandic FOOs^[44] (Greenland)
Grenadian FOOs (Grenada)
Guadeloupean FOOs^[45] (Guadeloupe)
Guam FOOs^[46] (Guam)
Guatemalan FOOs (Guatemala)
Guinean FOOs (Guinea)
Guyanese FOOs (Guyana)
Haitian FOOs^[47] (Haiti)
Honduran FOOs (Honduras)
Hong Kong FOOs (Hong Kong)
Hungarian FOOs (Hungary)
Icelandic FOOs (Iceland)
Indian FOOs^[48] (India)
Indonesian FOOs (Indonesia)
Iranian FOOs (Iran)
Iraqi FOOs (Iraq)
Irish FOOs (Ireland)
Israeli FOOs (Israel)
Italian FOOs (Italy)
Ivorian FOOs^[49] (Ivory Coast)
Jamaican FOOs (Jamaica)
Japanese FOOs (Japan)
Jordanian FOOs (Jordan)
Kazakhstani FOOs^[50] (Kazakhstan)
Kenyan FOOs (Kenya)
I-Kiribati FOOs^[51] (Kiribati)
Kosovan FOOs^[52] (Kosovo)
Kuwaiti FOOs (Kuwait)
Kyrgyzstani FOOs^[53] (Kyrgyzstan)
Laotian FOOs^[54] (Laos)
Latvian FOOs (Latvia)
Lebanese FOOs (Lebanon)
Lesotho FOOs^[55] (Lesotho)
Liberian FOOs (Liberia)
Libyan FOOs (Libya)
Liechtenstein FOOs^[56] (Liechtenstein)
Lithuanian FOOs (Lithuania)
Luxembourgian FOOs^[57] (Luxembourg)
Macau FOOs^[58] (Macau)
Macedonian FOOs or North Macedonian FOOs or FOOS from/of North Macedonia (North Macedonia) per the specific naming convention^[59]
Malagasy FOOs^[60] (Madagascar)
Malawian FOOs (Malawi)
Malaysian FOOs (Malaysia)
Maldivian FOOs (Maldives)
Malian FOOs (Mali)
Maltese FOOs (Malta)
Marshallese FOOs^[61] (Marshall Islands)
Mauritanian FOOs (Mauritania)
Mauritian FOOs (Mauritius)
Mexican FOOs (Mexico)
Federated States of Micronesia FOOs^[62] (Federated States of Micronesia)
Moldovan FOOs (Moldova)
Monegasque FOOs^[63] (Monaco)
Mongolian FOOs (Mongolia)
Montenegrin FOOs^[64] (Montenegro)
Montserratian FOOs^[65] (Montserrat)
Moroccan FOOs (Morocco)
Mozambican FOOs (Mozambique)
Namibian FOOs (Namibia)
Nauruan FOOs (Nauru)
Nepalese FOOs^[66] (Nepal)
New Caledonian FOOs (New Caledonia)
New Zealand FOOs^[67] (New Zealand)
Nicaraguan FOOs (Nicaragua)
Nigerian FOOs (Nigeria)
Nigerien FOOs (Niger)
Niuean FOOs (Niue)
North Korean FOOs^[68] (North Korea)
FOOs from/of Northern Ireland^[69] (Northern Ireland)
Northern Mariana Islands FOOs (Northern Mariana Islands)
Norwegian FOOs (Norway)
Omani FOOs (Oman)
Pakistani FOOs^[70] (Pakistan)
Palauan FOOs (Palau)
Palestinian FOOs (State of Palestine)
Panamanian FOOs (Panama)
Papua New Guinean FOOs^[71] (Papua New Guinea)
Paraguayan FOOs (Paraguay)
Peruvian FOOs^[72] (Peru)
Pitcairn Islands FOOs (Pitcairn Islands)
Polish FOOs^[73] (Poland)
Portuguese FOOs (Portugal)
Puerto Rican FOOs^[74] (Puerto Rico)
Qatari FOOs (Qatar)
FOOs from/of Réunion^[75] (Réunion)
Romanian FOOs (Romania)
Russian FOOs (Russia)
Rwandan FOOs (Rwanda)
FOOs from/of Saba (Saba (island))
Sahrawi FOOs (Western Sahara)
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha FOOs (Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha)
Saint Kitts and Nevis FOOs^[76] (Saint Kitts and Nevis)
Saint Lucian FOOs (Saint Lucia)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines FOOs^[77] (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines)
Salvadoran FOOs^[78] (El Salvador)
Samoan FOOs (Samoa)
Sammarinese FOOs^[79] (San Marino)
São Tomé and Príncipe FOOs^[80] (São Tomé and Príncipe)
Saudi Arabian FOOs^[81] (Saudi Arabia)
Scottish FOOs^[82] (Scotland)
Senegalese FOOs (Senegal)
Serbian FOOs (Serbia)
Seychellois FOOs (Seychelles)
Sierra Leonean FOOs (Sierra Leone)
Singaporean FOOs^[83] (Singapore)
Sint Eustatius FOOs (Sint Eustatius)
Sint Maarten FOOs^[25] (Sint Maarten)
Slovak FOOs^[84] (Slovakia)
Slovenian FOOs^[85] (Slovenia)
Solomon Islands FOOs^[86] (Solomon Islands)
Somalian FOOs^[87] (Somalia)
Somaliland FOOs (Somaliland)
South African FOOs^[68] (South Africa)
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands FOOs (South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands)
South Korean FOOs^[68] (South Korea)
South Ossetian FOOs (South Ossetia)
South Sudanese FOOs^[88] (South Sudan)
Spanish FOOs^[89] (Spain)
Sri Lankan FOOs (Sri Lanka)
Sudanese FOOs (Sudan)
Surinamese FOOs^[90] (Suriname)
Swazi FOOs (Eswatini)
Swedish FOOs^[91] (Sweden)
Swiss FOOs^[92] (Switzerland)
Syrian FOOs (Syria)
Taiwanese FOOs (Taiwan)
Tajikistani FOOs^[93] (Tajikistan)
Tanzanian FOOs (Tanzania)
Thai FOOs (Thailand)
Tokelauan FOOs (Tokelau)
Tongan FOOs (Tonga)
Trinidad and Tobago FOOs^[94] (Trinidad and Tobago)
Tunisian FOOs^[95] (Tunisia)
Turkish FOOs^[96] (Turkey)
Turkish Cypriot FOOs (Northern Cyprus)
Turkmenistan FOOs^[97] (Turkmenistan)
Turks and Caicos Islands FOOs^[98] (Turks and Caicos Islands)
Tuvaluan FOOs^[99] (Tuvalu)
Ugandan FOOs (Uganda)
Ukrainian FOOs (Ukraine)
United States Virgin Islands FOOs^[100] (United States Virgin Islands)
Uruguayan FOOs (Uruguay)
Uzbekistani FOOs^[101] (Uzbekistan)
Vanuatuan FOOs^[102] (Vanuatu)
Vatican City FOOs (Vatican City)
Venezuelan FOOs (Venezuela)
Vietnamese FOOs (Vietnam)
Wallis and Futuna FOOs (Wallis and Futuna)
Welsh FOOs (Wales)
Zambian FOOs (Zambia)
Zimbabwean FOOs (Zimbabwe)

Former nationalities

In general, the formats for people of former nationalities is less settled. The list below represents examples which are reasonably well settled.

After September 2022, "of" is now deprecated and "from" will become the standard for former countries that have compound names.^[103]

Therefore, for categorizing people of former nationalities with a compound name, the format is: "FOOs from Country".

Austro-Hungarian FOOs (Austria-Hungary)
Byzantine FOOs (Byzantine Empire)
Czechoslovak FOOs^[104] (Czechoslovakia)
Dutch Antillean FOOs^[105] (Netherlands Antilles)
Ancient Egyptian FOOs (Ancient Egypt)
East German FOOs (East Germany)
West German FOOs^[106] (West Germany)
FOOs from the Ottoman Empire^[107] (Ottoman Empire)
Rhodesian FOOs (Rhodesia)
FOOs from the Russian Empire^[108] (Russian Empire)
Serbia and Montenegro FOOs^[109]^[110] (Serbia and Montenegro)
Soviet FOOs^[111] (Soviet Union)
Republic of Venice FOOs^[112] (Republic of Venice)
North Yemeni FOOs (Yemen Arab Republic)
South Yemeni FOOs (South Yemen)
Yugoslav FOOs^[113]^[114] (Yugoslavia)

Works of art categories by artist

All categories whose subcategories are categories by creative artist (roughly all categories that are members of Category:Works by artist) shall have a per-category naming convention which will apply to all of their subcategories. These naming conventions, their guidelines and their exceptions are listed here. Non-conformance to these naming conventions shall be treated as a criterion for "speedy category renaming" as defined at WP:CFD. Changing these conventions shall require a consensual discussion either directly at WP:CFD or publicized there.

Music by composer

For categorizing music by composer, the format is: "Compositions by [composer]".

Compositions by composer – Operas by composer – Symphonies by composer – Songs by composer

Music by performer

For categorizing music by performer, the format is: "[Performer] works".

Albums by artist – Songs by artist

Visual arts

For categorizing articles of each type of work of an artist, the format is: "[type of work]s by [artist]" (for example, Category:Paintings by Salvador Dalí). For categorizing subcategories of different types of work of an artist (for example, for paintings and sculpture), the format for the parent category is: "Works by Foo".

Paintings by artist – Sculptures by artist

Architecture

For categorizing architecture by architect, the format is: "[Architect] buildings", with exceptions for architects involved in more than one type of work.

Buildings and structures by architect

Literature

For categorizing literature by writer, the format is: "[Work]s by [writer]".

Works by writer – Novels by writer – Books by writer – Essay collections by writer – Essays by writer – Picture books by writer – Plays by writer – Poetry by writer – Short stories by writer – Short story collections by writer

Stage and screen

For categorizing stage and screen works by contributor, the format is: "[Works] by [person]".

Films by director – Films by screenwriter – Plays by writer – Television shows by writer

Name of the artist

The name used should match the name of the biography article about the person, including any disambiguator, e.g. Category:Books by Peter Carey (novelist). The only exceptions are categories for visual arts, where the name used for the artist may instead match usage within the articles on the works; e.g. Category:Paintings by Sergei Ivanovich Osipov does not have to follow the article name Sergei Osipov (artist).^[115]

Works of art categories by subject

Category names of a subject should match the name for that subject within articles and citations (including spelling and capitalisation), rather than the name of the Wikipedia article on the topic. For example:

Category:Entombment of Christ in art and Category:Paintings of the Entombment of Christ, although the generic parent Category:Burial of Jesus follows the article Burial of Jesus^[116]

Additionally, disambiguation is not always necessary if the subject is unambiguous. For example:

Category:Venus in art and Category:Temples of Venus, although the generic parent Category:Venus (mythology) follows the article Venus (mythology)^[117]

Notes

[1] Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2016 October 18#Category:Culture by nationality

[2] User:Good Olfactory/CFR#Afghan

[3] User:Good Olfactory/CFR#American

[4] Wikipedia:Categories for deletion/Log/2006 May 15#People by nationality sub-category pages

[5] User:Good Olfactory/CFR#Antigua and Barbuda

[6] User:Good Olfactory/CFR#Argentine

[7] Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2012 April 13#Armenian emigrants

[8] User:Good Olfactory/CFR#Aruban

[9] Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2009 May 27#Category:Azerbaijan surnames

[10] Wikipedia:Categories for deletion/Log/2006 August 23#Category:Music of Belize

[11] User:Good Olfactory/CFR#Bissau-Guinean

[12] User:Good Olfactory/CFR#Bosnia and Herzegovina

[13] User:Good Olfactory/CFR#Botswana

[14] User:Good Olfactory/CFR#British

[15] Wikipedia:Categories for deletion/Log/2006 September 15#Brunei

[16] Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2008 June 17#Category:Burma football clubs

[17] User:Good Olfactory/CFR#Canadian

[18] Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2007 April 5#Category:Cayman Islands footballers

[19] Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2014 July 26#Category:Central African people

[20] User:Good Olfactory/CFR#Comorian

[21] User:Good Olfactory/CFR#Democratic Republic of the Congo

[22] User:Good Olfactory/CFR#Republic of the Congo

[23] User:Good Olfactory/CFR#Cook Island

[24] Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2009 January 15#Category:Croatian people

[ArubanpeopleCFD-25] Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2013 March 26#Category:Aruban people

[26] Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2011 August 7#Category:Czech writers

[27] User:Good Olfactory/CFR#Danish

[28] User:Good Olfactory/CFR#Dominica

[29] User:Good Olfactory/CFR#Dominican Republic

[30] User:Good Olfactory/CFR#East Timorese

[31] Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2012 March 21#Category:United Arab Emirati people

[32] Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2009 January 15#Category:English people

[33] User:Good Olfactory/CFR#Equatoguinean

[34] Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2008 June 10#Category:Falkland Islander people

[35] User:Good Olfactory/CFR#Equatoguinean

[filipino-36] User:Good Olfactory/CFR#Filipino / Philippine

[37] User:Good Olfactory/CFR#Finnish

[38] Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2014 September 21#Category:People from French Guiana

[39] Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2012 November 15#Category:French Polynesian people

[40] Wikipedia:Categories for deletion/Log/2006 July 11#Category:Law of Gabon to Category:Gabonese law

[41] User:Good Olfactory/CFR#from/of Georgia (country)

[42] Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2008 January 21#Category:People from Ghana

[43] Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2012 December 7#Category:Gibraltarian people

[44] Wikipedia:Categories for deletion/Log/2006 May 6#Category:People of Greenland to Category:Greenlandic people

[45] User:Good Olfactory/CFR#Guadeloupe

[46] Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2010 October 24#Category:Guamanian musical instruments

[47] Wikipedia:Categories for deletion/Log/2006 May 7#Haitian people

[48] User:Good Olfactory/CFR#Indian

[49] User:Good Olfactory/CFR#Ivorian

[50] User:Good Olfactory/CFR#Kazakhstani

[51] Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2015 October 31#Kiribati

[52] Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2016 February 12#Kosovar or Kosovan people

[53] User:Good Olfactory/CFR#Kyrgyzstani

[54] User:Good Olfactory/CFR#Laotian

[55] User:Good Olfactory/CFR#Lesotho

[56] User:Good Olfactory/CFR#Liechtenstein

[57] User:Good Olfactory/CFR#Luxembourgian

[58] User:Good Olfactory/CFR#Macau

[59] Per Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Macedonia) § Adjectival form of North Macedonia: "Article names, categories, and templates should avoid adjectival use altogether. The use of neutral formulations such as "of North Macedonia", "in North Macedonia," etc. is preferred."

[60] Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2009 April 16#Category:Madagascan archaeologists

[61] Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2008 January 29#Category:People of the Marshall Islands

[62] Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2009 January 21#Category:People of the Federated States of Micronesia

[63] User:Good Olfactory/CFR#Monegasque

[64] Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2009 July 2#Category:Montenegro chess players

[65] Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2008 January 29#Category:Montserrat people

[66] User:Good Olfactory/CFR#Luxembourgian

[67] User:Good Olfactory/CFR#New Zealand

[SouthAfricanCFD-68] Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2009 January 15#Category:South African people

[69] User:Good Olfactory/CFR#Northern Ireland

[70] Wikipedia:Categories for deletion/Log/2006 June 3#Category:Women of Pakistan to Category:Pakistani women

[71] User:Good Olfactory/CFR#Papua New Guinean

[72] Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2009 September 24#Booian Peruvians to Peruvian people of Booian descent

[73] User:Good Olfactory/CFR#Polish

[74] Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2016 June 23#Category:People from Puerto Rico

[75] Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2014 September 6#Category:People from Réunion and Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2017 January 27#Réunionnais people

[76] User:Good Olfactory/CFR#Saint Kitts and Nevis

[77] Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2009 January 13#Category:Vincentian people

[78] User:Good Olfactory/CFR#Salvadoran

[79] Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2009 December 16#Category:San Marinese Wikipedians

[80] Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2009 January 14#Category:People from São Tomé and Príncipe

[81] User:Good Olfactory/CFR#Saudi Arabian

[82] User:Good Olfactory/CFR#Scottish

[83] User:Good Olfactory/CFR#Singaporean

[84] User:Good Olfactory/CFR#Slovak

[85] User:Good Olfactory/CFR#Slovenian

[86] User:Good Olfactory/CFR#Solomon Islands

[87] Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2010 October 12#Category:Somali people

[88] Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2011 July 24#Category:Southern Sudan politicians

[89] User:Good Olfactory/CFR#Spanish

[90] Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2007 August 14#Category:People from Suriname

[91] User:Good Olfactory/CFR#Swedish

[92] Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2009 September 7#Swiss people

[93] User:Good Olfactory/CFR#Tajikistani

[94] User:Good Olfactory/CFR#Trinidad and Tobago

[95] Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2009 February 19#Category:People from Tunisia

[96] Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2009 October 14#Turks to Turkish people

[97] Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2010 April 17#Category:Turkmen people

[98] Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2008 June 10#Category:Turks and Caicos Islander people

[99] Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2011 May 19#Category:People from Tuvalu

[100] User:Good Olfactory/CFR#United States Virgin Islands

[101] User:Good Olfactory/CFR#Uzbekistani

[102] Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2009 January 20#Ni-Vanuatu

[103] Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2022 September 4#Category:People of the Russian Empire

[104] User:Good Olfactory/CFR#Czechoslovak

[105] Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2008 July 23#Category:Antillean baseball players

[106] User:Good Olfactory/CFR#West German

[107] Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2017 September 13#Ottoman people

[108] Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2020 December 3#Russian Empire people

[109] Use for the state that existed from 1992 to 2006. From 1992 to 2003, this state was officially known as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FR Yugoslavia), but in categories "Yugoslav" is used only for the larger state that existed from 1918 to 1992.

[110] User:Good Olfactory/CFR#Serbia and Montenegro

[111] User:Good Olfactory/CFR#Soviet

[112] User:Good Olfactory/CFR#Republic of Venice

[113] Use for the state that existed from 1918 to 1992. For the state that existed from 1992 to 2006 and was known as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FR Yugoslavia) from 1992 to 2003, use "Serbia and Montenegro FOOs".

[114] User:Good Olfactory/CFR#Yugoslav

[115] Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2020 September 28#Various author and painter categories

[116] Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2020 September 28#Entombment of Christ

[117] Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2020 September 28#Art of mythology

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v t e Wikipedia categorization
Guidelines	Categorization Category names Categories, lists, and navigation templates Overcategorization Categorizing articles about people People by year Categorization/Sorting names Categorizing redirects User categories Overcategorization/User categories
Help pages	Basic help for readers Basic help for editors FAQ for readers FAQ for editors Container categories Categorizing portals Category classification templates Template index/Category namespace PetScan
Discussions	Categories for discussion Categories for discussion/Speedy Categories for discussion/All current discussions
Projectspace essays	Categories are different from articles Categories versus lists Categorising fictional characters by attribute Do not write articles using categories Overcategorization/Intersection of location and occupation Wiki workflow WikiProject Plants/Description in year categories
Userspace essays	DexDor/Terminology categories DexDor/Categorization of award recipients Alan Liefting/On categorisation Coder Dan/Categories gracefool/What is a category? Kbdank71/Wikiproject notification
Category:Wikipedia categorization Category:Contents WikiProject Categories