Warta (Polish: [ˈvarta] ; Yiddish: דווארט, romanized: Dvart) is a town in Sieradz County, Łódź Voivodeship, Poland, with 3,208 inhabitants (2020).[1] It is situated on the Warta River. It is located in the Sieradz Land.
Warta | |
|---|---|
 Aerial view with the Church of the Assumption of Virgin Mary in the foreground | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Warta | |
| Coordinates: 51°42′N 18°38′E / 51.700°N 18.633°E | |
| Country |  Poland |
| Voivodeship | Łódź |
| County | Sieradz |
| Gmina | Warta |
| Town rights | 1255 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Krystian Krogulecki[2] |
| Area | |
• Total | 10.84 km2 (4.19 sq mi) |
| Population (31 December 2020) | |
• Total | 3,208  [1] |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 98-290 |
| Vehicle registration | ESI |
| Website | http://www.gimwarta.pl |
History
edit
Warta was granted town rights in 1255 by Duke Casimir I of Kuyavia of the Piast dynasty. It was a royal town of the Polish Crown, administratively located in the Sieradz County in the Sieradz Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province.[3] In the 17th century, there was a sizeable Scottish community in Warta.[4] One of two main routes connecting Warsaw and Dresden ran through the town in the 18th century and Kings Augustus II the Strong and Augustus III of Poland often traveled that route.[5] At various times, the 2nd Polish National Cavalry Brigade and 4th Polish Vanguard Regiment were stationed in Warta.[6]
Shortly before World War II about 50 percent of the town's population was Jewish. When the Germans invaded Poland in September 1939, they immediately brutalized the population. Some Poles from Warta were murdered by the Wehrmacht already on September 7, 1939 in the nearby village of Wylazłów.[7] During the German occupation, Jews were kidnapped for forced labor, robbed of their possessions, and in early 1940, forced into a ghetto, leaving behind their furniture and other possessions for locals and Germans to take.[citation needed] In April 1940, the Germans murdered 499 patients of the local psychiatric hospital as part of Aktion T4.[8] The next 82 patients were murdered by in June 1941.[8] In both cases, patients were gassed in a gas van.[8] In spring 1942, several Jews, including the rabbi, were hanged, allegedly for sending bread to Jews who had been sent to forced labor camps. In August 1942, all Jews were rounded up and held in a church for three days with nothing to eat. Some died from hunger and thirst, others were shot there. Afterwards, around 1,000 were sent to the Chełmno extermination camp where they were immediately gassed. Another few hundred were sent to the Łódź Ghetto. The number of pre-war Warta Jewish survivors is unclear; at least 50 and perhaps close to 200. More than 40 registered there after the war, but two by the names of Moshe Szajniak and Meir Rozewald were killed by Eugeniusz "Groźny" Kokolski and his group of militant anti-communists (now regarded among Poland's "Cursed Soldiers") who raided the town after the war ended, and the others left the town.[9]
Demographics
edit| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1897 | 3,418 | — |
| 1921 | 4,108 | +20.2% |
| 1931 | 4,360 | +6.1% |
| 1939 | 4,435 | +1.7% |
| 1950 | 3,331 | −24.9% |
| 1960 | 3,679 | +10.4% |
| 2010 | 3,357 | −8.8% |
| Source: [10][11] | ||
Gallery
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Statue of Stanisław Skarżyński in his hometown, Warta -
Park in Warta -
Town hall -
Gothic St. Nicholas Church
References
edit- ^ a b "Local Data Bank". Statistics Poland. Retrieved 15 November 2021. Data for territorial unit 1014094.
- ^ "Burmistrz | Gmina Warta, Miasto Warta, Urząd Miejski w Warcie". Gmina Warta (in Polish). Retrieved 2022-05-20.
- ^ Atlas historyczny Polski. Województwo sieradzkie i województwo łęczyckie w drugiej połowie XVI wieku. Część I. Mapy, plany (in Polish). Warszawa: Instytut Historii Polskiej Akademii Nauk. 1998. p. 3.
- ^ Feduszka, Jacek (2009). "Szkoci i Anglicy w Zamościu w XVI-XVIII wieku". Czasy Nowożytne (in Polish). Vol. 22. Zarząd Główny Polskiego Towarzystwa Historycznego. p. 53. ISSN 1428-8982.
- ^ "Informacja historyczna". Dresden-Warszawa (in Polish). Retrieved 7 November 2020.
- ^ Gembarzewski, Bronisław (1925). Rodowody pułków polskich i oddziałów równorzędnych od r. 1717 do r. 1831 (in Polish). Warszawa: Towarzystwo Wiedzy Wojskowej. pp. 7, 12.
- ^ Wardzyńska, Maria (2009). Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN. p. 94.
- ^ a b c Agata Gut. "Eutanazja – ukryte ludobójstwo pacjentów szpitali psychiatrycznych w Kraju Warty i na Pomorzu w latach 1939 - 1945". Instytut Pamięci Narodowej (in Polish). Retrieved 7 November 2020.
- ^ m, Geoffrey (2012). Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos. Bloomington, Indiana: University of Indiana Press. p. Volume II 112–113. ISBN 978-0-253-35599-7.
- ^ Dokumentacja Geograficzna (in Polish). Vol. 3/4. Warszawa: Instytut Geografii Polskiej Akademii Nauk. 1967. p. 55.
- ^ Stan i struktura ludności oraz ruch naturalny w przekroju terytorialnym w 2010 r. (PDF) (in Polish). Warszawa: Główny Urząd Statystyczny. 2011. p. 65. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 November 2011.
Media related to Warta (powiat sieradzki) at Wikimedia Commons