Wikipedia

Warrender Baths Club

Warrender Baths Club is a swimming club which originated at Warrender Baths in Edinburgh, Scotland, established in 1888. In 2013 the Club had 600 members with an active membership of 350 swimmers training at nine swimming pools across Edinburgh. Their swimmers compete in a wide range of international and national competitions including the Olympic and Commonwealth Games. Warrender has been called the premier swimming club in Scotland[1] and claims to be one of the oldest, most successful swimming clubs in the UK.[2]

Warrender Baths Club
Club Information
  Location   Edinburgh, Scotland
  Established   1888
  Home Pools   Warrender Baths
  Team Colours   Red, White
Swimming Information
  Chairperson   Jeremy Chittleburgh
  Head Coach   Laurel Bailey
  Website   http://www.swimwarrender.com

History of the club

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Warrender Baths Club plaque outside Warrender Baths

1888 to 1918 – Early years

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In 1886 the Warrender Private Baths Company Ltd. built a private swimming baths in Edinburgh. The land was bought from Sir George Warrender, MP and the baths opened on 17 December 1887.[3] Warrender Baths Club (Warrender) was established in 1888.[4]

 
Warrender Baths Club war memorial

George M. Paterson was first Warrender champion swimmer in 1892,[5] but initially, most of Warrender's activities centred around water polo.[1] In 1896, Frank Marshall was Warrender's first water polo internationalist.[3] In 1900 Stanley Bell captained the Scottish team in a Water Polo International against Wales held at Warrender Baths[6] and in 1901 Warrender won the first Scottish National Water Polo Championship organised by the Scottish Amateur Swimming Association (SASA).[5]

In 1906 Warrender Baths closed for economic reasons but the Club carried on at Portobello swimming pool. In 1908, Edinburgh Corporation purchased the site and opened the baths to the public. Warrender Baths Club returned to its original location[3] and in 1910 a ladies section was formed.[6] The club wound down activities during World War I as all senior club members joined the forces. A plaque in the front lobby of Warrender Baths commemorates those who died in this war - one, David McGregor, was awarded Britain's highest award for valour, the Victoria Cross.[6][7]

1919 to 1945 – Successful years

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After the war, the club returned to its former strength and in 1919 won the Scottish Championships.[6]

In 1924, Warrender produced Ellen King, one of Scotland's greatest ever swimmers. Aged 15 she came sixth in the 100 yards Backstroke in the Paris Olympic Games.[8] She won all Scottish Championship titles for women (except Graceful Diving) and was the only swimmer then, male or female, to have won three British Championships at different strokes.[1] However, the male-dominated Warrender Baths Club of the time, prevented Ellen and other female swimmers from holding a ladies gala event. So Ellen and several other women left the club in 1925[3] and formed Zenith Ladies Swim Club. Ellen then won two silver medals at the 1928 Summer Olympics and silver and bronze medals at the 1930 British Empire Games. She was inducted into the Scottish Sports Hall of Fame in 2002.[5][9] Warrender's Jean McDowell came fourth in the 100 yards Freestyle in the 1928 Amsterdam Olympics in an extremely close finish.[10] In 1927 and 1928 she won all Scottish freestyle championships.[11] At the 1930 British Empire Games in Hamilton, Canada, Jean and fellow Warrender swimmer Jessie McVey both won bronze medals as part of the Scottish relay team.[5][12] Jean also won two won bronze medals at the 1934 Empire Games in London. Jean later remarked that female competitive swimmers had great difficulty training in the 1920s and 30s as mixed bathing was forbidden and training times for women were often restricted - in Warrender's case only on Saturday mornings when schools were there, leaving little room for Olympic hopefuls to swim.[12] In 1932 Warrender won the Scottish men and women's swimming team race championships and the Scottish Water Polo championships, the first time a Scottish club had done this.[6] In 1938, the Edinburgh Evening News noted at the club's 50th anniversary that between 1888 and 1938, the Warrender men won the Scottish Team Swimming Championships seven times and the East of Scotland Team title 22 times. The Warrender women won the Scottish Team Swimming Championships three times, were runners up seven times and won the East of Scotland title 11 times. The Warrender Water Polo teams won the Scottish Cup eight times, the East of Scotland Championship 14 times and the Edinburgh Corporation Trophy 17 times. Club members had also won over 100 Scottish and Eastern individual championships.[1]

At the start of World War II in 1939, the club wound down its activities but had two charity galas in 1942 and 1943.[6]

1946 to 1967 – Postwar rebuilding of the club

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The club resumed officially in 1946, its teams being rebuilt from scratch. Once the swimming teams were re-established, in 1951, Warrender became East District Team Race Champions and three swimmers and two divers[13] represented Scotland in the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games at Cardiff.[6]

1968 to 1989 – Supremacy in Scottish swimming

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From 1968 to 1989 Warrender was supreme in Scottish swimming. It was one of the top clubs in British swimming and its swimmers won in European, Commonwealth and World competitions - including David Wilkie who has been described as Scotland's greatest ever swimmer.[14][15][16] Ten Warrender swimmers, represented Scotland in the 1970 Commonwealth Games including David Wilkie and Sally Hogg who represented Great Britain in the 1970 European Aquatics Championships in Barcelona. In 1971 Warrender were second to Southampton in the unofficial club championships of Britain.[6]

David Wilkie won a bronze medal at the 1970 Commonwealth Games,[5] a silver at the 1972 Summer Olympics, won the 200 metres breaststroke World Championship in world record time in 1973[17] and won two golds and a silver at the 1974 Commonwealth Games.[5] In 1976, while at the University of Miami, he won a Gold medal in the 200m Breaststroke in World Record time and another Silver medal at the Montreal Olympic Games.[15] Warrender swimmers Gordon Downie and Alan McClatchey (then studying at the University of Michigan[18]) also won Olympic bronzes as part of the 4 × 200 m Freestyle Relay team.[5] Over 300 Warrender members attended a reception in 1976 for Wilkie in Edinburgh where he paid tribute to Warrender coaches Frank Thomas and John Ashton for their contributions to his success.[6] Wilkie was voted European Male Swimmer of the Year[19] and also awarded the MBE.[20] Paul Easter represented Great Britain in the European Cup in Gothenburg and Scotland in the Brisbane 1982 Commonwealth Games winning bronze in the 4 × 200 m Freestyle Relay and the 4 × 100 m Medley Relay.[5] He also represented Great Britain in the 1982 World Aquatics Championships in Ecuador. At the 1984 Olympic Games in Los Angeles, Easter (who was then studying at Arizona State University[21][22]) won a bronze medal swimming for Britain in the 4 × 200 m Freestyle Relay.[5][23] In 1986 Paul Easter, Colin Bole and Andrew Smith swam in the Scottish Commonwealth Games team. In 1987 Warrender won both the Robertson (Scottish National Open Championship) and the Waldie (Scottish National Age Group Championships) Trophies, the first time a club had won both championships in the same season.

 
Warrender Baths Club swimming gala at the Royal Commonwealth Pool, Edinburgh

In 1988, Warrender’s Men’s and Women’s team won the Scottish heats of the British Swimming Club Team Championships. Warrender again won the Waldie and Robertson Trophies and its swimmers won over 40 individual championships and broke over 30 championship records. Warrender also regained the Wainwright Trophy at the Scottish National Short Course Championships. The Club held a Centenary Gala in Dunfermline and other social events to celebrate the 100 years of its existence.[6]

1990 to 1999 – Barren years

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In the mid-1990s the club had financial difficulties, declining membership and several short lived changes to its coaching staff. A few top level senior swimmers remained - in particular Fraser Walker who won silver in the men's 200 m individual medley at the inaugural 1993 FINA Short Course World Championships in Spain[24] and bronze at the 1994 Commonwealth Games in the 200 Metres Individual Medley.[25] Warrender was no longer the dominant age group and youth force in Scotland that it once was. In 1996, the club had shrunk to less than 100 registered swimmers and was only rated 5th best club in the East District and way down the National rankings.[26] At the end of 1996, Scottish Swimming formed the City of Edinburgh Swimming programme to cater for elite swimmers wanting to train in the capital. Warrender was one of six Edinburgh Clubs working in partnership to ensure the new ‘City’ programme became established. For several years Warrender became the main contributor of swimmers to the scheme.[26]

2000 to 2014 – Resurgence

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In the early 2000s, the support for training Edinburgh swimmers was reduced and the City of Edinburgh programme became a separate swimming club. Warrender decided to train its own elite swimmers and won the Solripe Trophy (East District Swimming Championship) in 2000 and for the next 12 years,.[27][28] In the early 2000s, Warrender formed partnerships with SwimEasy[29] (a swimming lessons business started by Gail Smith and Ian Write, two former Warrender coaches) to recruit promising young swimmers.[30] Merchiston Castle School allowed Warrender swimmers to use their pool in exchange for swimming lessons and training to schoolchildren. Club swimmers trained in Barcelona, Spain, Eger, Hungary, Castres, France, Fort Lauderdale, USA, Bühl (Baden), Germany and Reykjavík, Iceland.[26] Between 2005 and 2013, Warrender won the top club award most years at the Scottish National Age Group Championships, several times won the top club award at the Scottish National Short Course and Open Championships and with swimmers were regularly winning medals at Scottish and British national meets.[26]

 
Reception by Lord Provost and Council of the City of Edinburgh in the City Chambers to celebrate the 125th Anniversary of Warrender Baths Club on 11 May 2013

At the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne, Fiona Booth from Warrender swam for Scotland.[31] Lewis Smith won gold at the 2008 Tri-Nations Swimming Contest with France and Canada in Quebec.[4] Warrender had 12 swimmers at the British Olympic Trials in 2008. One, Sean Fraser, won bronze in the Beijing 2008 Paralympics.[32] Ewan Johnston won two bronze medals and Andrew Haslett a bronze for Scotland at the 2008 Commonwealth Youth Games in Pune, India.[33] Warrender came second at the 2008 British National Championships at Sheffield.[4]

Smith competed at the 2009 World Aquatics Championships in Rome, Italy[34][35] Craig Hamilton swam at the 2009 European Open Water Swimming Championships in Eilat[36] and Craig Benson competed at the 2009 European Youth Olympic Festival in Tampere.[37] Smith won a silver medal, Fraser won bronze and Craig McNally swam at the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi.[34][38] In 2011, Dan Wallace and Benson won silver medals at the 2011 European Junior Swimming Championships in Belgrade.[39] At the 2011 FINA World Junior Swimming Championships in Lima, Peru, Benson won gold in the 100m Breaststroke in championship world record time and a silver in the 50m Breaststroke.[37] Benson also won all breaststroke events at the 2011 Commonwealth Youth Games in the Isle of Man[40] and was awarded Athlete of the Games.[41] Smith was a finalist at the 2011 World University Games.[34]

Four Warrender swimmers swam at the 2012 London Olympic Trials.[42] At the 2012 Olympics, Benson swam in the 100 m breaststroke and in the British Medley Relay team.[43] Smith swam for Great Britain in the European Open Water Championships in Piombino, Italy.[44] Benson swam in the 2012 European Short Course Swimming Championships in Chartres, France, and was part of the Medley relay squad that broke the British record.[45] In 2012 Olympic silver medallist Keri-Anne Payne joined Warrender.[46] Craig McNally broke the Scottish record in the finals of the 200 m backstroke in the 2013 World Aquatics Championships in Barcelona, Spain[47] and Smith won a bronze medal in the 400 m individual medlay at the 2013 World University Games in Kazan, Russia.[48]

Six Warrender swimmers were selected to swim for Scotland at the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow. Dan Wallace (then studying at University of Florida[49]) won a gold medal in the 400 m individual medley and two silver medals; Craig Hamilton (then studying at Louisiana State University[50]) won a silver with the Scottish 4 × 200 m men's relay team; Craig Benson was 4th in the 100 m breastroke; Fiona Donnelly (then studying at the Virginia Tech University[51]) was in the Scottish 4 × 100 m medley relay team which came 4th; Lewis Smith was 5th in the 400 m individual medley and Craig McNally was 5th in the 200 m backstroke.[52]

Locations

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Warrender Baths Club was originally based at Warrender Baths (now Warrender Swim Centre), on Thirlestane Road in Edinburgh. This grade B listed building[53] has a 25yd indoor pool, gym and a sauna.[54] With 350 swimmers and 600 members (in 2013)[4][26][55] Warrender has had to use many many other Edinburgh venues for training - in particular the Olympic-sized Royal Commonwealth Pool. From 2009 to 2012 this 50 m pool was closed for renovations.[56][57] and Warrender used up to 12 different Edinburgh swimming pools to train its 13 swimming squads.[30] In 2013, Warrender swimmers were training in the Royal Commonwealth Pool, Warrender Baths, Merchiston Castle School pool, Leith Academy pool, Craigroyston School pool, Forrester High School pool, Ainslie Park Swimming and Leisure Centre, Glenogle Baths and Leith Victoria public baths.[4][6][30][58]

Olympic swimmers

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Olympic gold medallist David Wilkie,[59] silver Olympic medallists Ellen King[8] and Keri-Anne Payne,[46] Olympic bronze medallists Paul Easter,[60] Gordon Downie[61] and Alan McClatchey,[62] Olympic finalist Jean McDowell[11] and Olympic semi-finalist Craig Benson[63] all swam for Warrender Baths Club.[6]

Scott Quin[6] won Silver and George Simpson[6] and Sean Fraser[32] won bronze medals at the Paralympics.

Notable administrators and coaches

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George Patterson was the first President of the Club in 1894 and secretary of the SASA in 1895.[5] George W Ferguson, a Warrender Baths Club President and SASA President, was appointed Team Manager for the Scottish team at the 1930 Empire Games[64] and Commandant for the 1934 Empire Games.[5][6]

Instrumental in rebuilding the club after 1945 were Jean McDowell, the pre-war Olympic finalist and Mae Cochrane, later the first female President of Warrender in 1976 and President of SASA in 1981,.[65] In 1982 Mae Cochrane was awarded the OBE for her outstanding services to swimming.[65]

Frank Thomas was Warrender coach from 1965 to 1970 and has been described as one of the leading coaches in Britain.[16] Frank developed ten swimmers to represent Scotland at the Commonwealth games including David Wilkie who achieved an Olympic gold medal, added various new swimming training venues and recruited assistant coaches.[66][67] Ian McGregor was Chief Coach from 1980 and was awarded the Scottish Coach of the Year in 1987.[6] Ian Wright was appointed Warrender head coach in 1996 and helped Warrender recover from a period of decline. Wright was British swimming team coach at the 2005 European Junior Swimming Championships and 2006 European Aquatics Championships [26] and was appointed by Scottish Swimming as a Performance Coach at the Scottish National Swimming Academy in Stirling in 2009.[34] In 2009 Australian-born Laurel Bailey was appointed Warrender head coach. She was awarded Performance Coach of the Year by Sportscotland, the National sports agency in 2012.[68][69]

Notes

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  1. ^ a b c d Ramsay, James. "Fifty Glorious Years", Edinburgh Evening News], 26 November 1938. (This article is also reproduced in Gilmour's One Hundred Years of Warrender baths Club.)
  2. ^ Warrender Swimming Warrender Baths Club official web page]; retrieved 21 March 2013.
  3. ^ a b c d Staff (4 February 2006) Wonder of Warrender The Scotsman, Retrieved 15 February 2013
  4. ^ a b c d e Archibald, Cathy (21 November 2008)Report PS 52 - Warrender Baths Club Scottish Parliament Pathways into Sport Committee Report, Retrieved 14 February 2013
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "One Hundred Years of Scottish Swimming", Peter Bilsborough, 1988, Scottish Amateur Swimming Association, ASIN: B000QB8VIG
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Gilmore, Jamie, editor (1990) "One Hundred Years of Warrender Baths Club 1888-1988" Macdonald Lindsay Pindar plc, Edinburgh, ISBN 0-9516787-0-1
  7. ^ Casualty Details McGregor David Stuart Commonwealth War Graves Commission, Retrieved 29 March 2013
  8. ^ a b Hannan, Martin (17 November 2002) Scottish sports hall of fame: The nominees: Ellen King (1909-1994) Scotland on Sunday, Retrieved 14 February 2012
  9. ^ Ellen King, Swimming, Inducted 2001 Archived 13 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine Sport Scotland, Scottish Sports Hall of Fame, Retrieved 15 February 2013
  10. ^ Daniels, Stephanie (Spring 1999) Swimming to the Very End - British Swimming Memories of 1928 Amsterdam LA84 Foundation, Retrieved 17 February 2013
  11. ^ a b Tedder, Anita and Daniels, Stephanie (12 February 2000) Jean Burnett The Herald, Retrieved 25 January 2013
  12. ^ a b Jean McDowell (Jean Burnett) Gazetteer for Scotland, Sports Personalities, Retrieved 17 February 2013
  13. ^ (6 January 2010) Bill Law, International diver, coach and manager Obituaries, The Scotsman, retrieved 1 September 2013
  14. ^ (June 2008) Scottish Olympic Legends - ...Scotland's greatest ever swimmer, David Wilkie The Winning Zone, Winning Scotland Foundation, Retrieved 17 February 2013
  15. ^ a b (29 June 2012) Golden Scots: David Wilkie in Montreal, 1976 BBC Sport Scotland, Retrieved 21 May 2013
  16. ^ a b Riach, Fraser (26 September 1970) "Poised to join world-class swimmers: Sporting Scots 4 - David Wilkie", The Glasgow Herald, Page 8, A copy is also available on the internet at [1], Retrieved 1 April 2013
  17. ^ A record swim from Wilkie; 1973 ESPN.co.uk, Retrieved 1 April 2013
  18. ^ (15 April 2007) Michigan the Olympics 1976 - Montreal Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan Athletics History, Retrieved 3 September 2013
  19. ^ (1982) David Wilkie (GBR) 1982 Honor Swimmer International Swimming Hall of Fame, Retrieved 2 June 2013
  20. ^ (24 July 2012) Olympic heroes, No 25: David Wilkie The Scotsman, Retrieved 13 August 2013
  21. ^ Bob Eger, (1 September 2001) "Maroon & Gold: A History of Sun Devil Athletics", P 204 Arizona State well represented at the Olympic Games.. Sports Publishing LLC, ISBN 9781582612232, Retrieved 3 March 2013
  22. ^ (April 2002)Sun Devil Men's Swimming and diving Accolades Sun Devil Swimming and Diving, Arizona State University, Retrieved 2 September 2013
  23. ^ Paul Easter, Bio, Stats and Results Sports Reference, Olympic Sports results, and [2] Archived 10 June 2015 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 3 March 2013
  24. ^ Coates, Jonathan (13 January 2008) Record beaten at long last. Tollcross Swimming: Tait and Dale both smash Fraser Walker's standard The Sunday Herald, Retrieved 28 February 2013
  25. ^ (2007) Commonwealth Games Medallists - Swimming and Diving (Men) GBRAthletics web page, retrieved 21 March 2013
  26. ^ a b c d e f The Stars of Warrender Scottish Swimming, Retrieved 17 February 2013
  27. ^ (6 February 2012) Carnegie SC Triumph at East District Age Group Championships and Carnegie Swimming Club News 06-Feb 2012 Retrieved 2 September 2013
  28. ^ (March 2012) 12-year-long wait over for champions Fife Sports and Leisure Trust, Retrieved 17 February 2012
  29. ^ SwimEasy Official website Retrieved 16 February 2013
  30. ^ a b c Gourtsoyannis, Paris (24 September 2012) Inspire a generation Are Scotland’s schools ready to make the most of this summer’s sporting legacy? Holyrood Magazine, Retrieved 1 September 2013
  31. ^ (2006)Biography, Fiona Booth Athletes at the Melbourne 2006 XV111 Commonwealth Games, Melbourne 2006 Commonwealth Games Corporation, Retrieved 26 August 2013
  32. ^ a b "London calling as Fraser nets bronze in 100m clash". the Scotsman. 11 September 2008. Retrieved 14 February 2013.
  33. ^ Phillips, Kirsten (October 2008) Scottish Swimming Newsletter (III Commonwealth Youth Games) Scottish Swimming, retrieved 16 February 2013
  34. ^ a b c d (September 2012) British Swimming Intensive Training Centre - Stirling British Swimming, Retrieved 17 February 2013
  35. ^ (8 June 2009) Swimming: Opportunity opens up for Warrender star Hamilton The Scotsman, Retrieved 17 February 2013
  36. ^ (31 May 2009) European Open Water Swimming Cup 2009 – Eilat East Dorset Open Water Swimming Club, Retrieved 26 August 2013
  37. ^ a b (2012) Craig Benson The Herald Scotland, Retrieved 17 February 2013
  38. ^ (2013) Back a Rising Star, Craig McNally Scottish Swimming, Retrieved 26 February 2013
  39. ^ (7 December 2011) Successful European campaign for Warrender SwimEasy, Retrieved 16 February 2013
  40. ^ (2011) Commonwealth Youth Games Competitor Details Craig Benson Commonwealth Youth Games 2011, Isle of Man, 7 to 13 September 2011, Retrieved 18 February 2013
  41. ^ (October 2011) Craig Benson named Athlete of the Games at Commonwealth Games Dinner Scottish Swimming, Splash News - October 2011, Retrieved 11 February 2012
  42. ^ Carswell, Claire (5 March 2012) Edinburgh teenager sets new Scottish swim record as he qualifies for Olympics Scottish Television Edinburgh, Retrieved 16 February 2013
  43. ^ Watson, Alistair (2 August 2012) Swimming sensation Craig Benson makes Olympic debut in London The West Lothian Courier, Retrieved 11 February 2013
  44. ^ (16 September 2012) Swimming - European Open Water Championships, Piombino (Italy) The-Sports.org, Retrieved 16 February 2013
  45. ^ "Mixed 4x50m Medley Relay Heats Results". Omega Timing. 23 November 2012. Retrieved 1 September 2013.
  46. ^ a b Magnay, Jacqueline (29 December 2012) Keri-Anne Payne considers switching to the pool after the pain of fourth at London Olympics The Telegraph, Retrieved 24 January 2013
  47. ^ Jordan, David (13 August 2013) Creditable final by Warrender man as Lochte wins The Edinburgh Evening News, Retrieved 13 August 2013
  48. ^ (16 July 2013) Smith and McClatchey land medals in Kazan News, British Swimming, Retrieved 27 August 2013
  49. ^ White, Jim (25 July 2014) Commonwealth Games 2014: Daniel Wallace wins more than freedom after claiming gold for Scotland in 400m IM Daily Telegraph, Retrieved 21 November 2014
  50. ^ Craig Hamilton Scottish Swimming, Retrieved 25 November 2014
  51. ^ Bailey, Laurel (2014) Warrender Crowned Champions at the Scottish Nationals Warrender Swimming, Retrieved 25 November 2014
  52. ^ Glasgow 2014: Commonwealth Games results BBC Sport, Commonwealth Games, Glasgow 2014, Retrieved 25 November 2014
  53. ^ (19 March 1993) Thirlestane Road Warrender Baths, Edinburgh British Listed Buildings, Retrieved 16 February 2013
  54. ^ Staff Welcome to Warrender Swim Centre Edinburgh Leisure, Retrieved 14 February 2013
  55. ^ Staff Q&A: Warrender baths Club Kukri Sports, Retrieved 14 February 2013
  56. ^ Magowane Greene, Amy (21 March 2009) Commonwealth pool facing two-year closure The Journal. Retrieved 16 February 2013
  57. ^ (19 April 2011) Setting the Stage for Swimming Glory The Edinburgh Evening News, Retrieved 128 February 2013
  58. ^ Warrender Swimming facilities Part of Warrender baths Club Official web Page, Retrieved 2 September 2013
  59. ^ Staff (2013) David Wilkie Biography Sports Reference LLC/USA Today Sports, Olympic Sports, Accessed 14 February 2013
  60. ^ "Easter Treble Bid Fails" The Glasgow Herald, 26 August 1985, Page 27
  61. ^ "Gordon Downie Biography". Sports Reference LLC/USA Today Sports. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 14 February 2013.
  62. ^ "Alan McClatchey Biography". Sports Reference LLC/USA Today Sports. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 14 February 2013.
  63. ^ Staff (2012) London 2012 Olympics - Craig Benson Profile the Telegraph, Retrieved 14 February 2013
  64. ^ "George W. Ferguson and Scotland's 1930 British Empire Games Team". Sport Heritage. Arts and Humanities Research Council. 28 May 2014. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
  65. ^ a b Obituary - Lady (Mae) Heatly The Scotsman, 5 May 2003, Retrieved 17 February 2013
  66. ^ "Club of the Month - Warrender Work to Rule". The Swimming Times. July 1971. pp. 356–357.
  67. ^ (1 February 2002) Coach to Olympic legend dies in pool The Scotsman, Retrieved 25 May 2013
  68. ^ (10 December 2012) Coach reaps rewards after year of Olympic swimming success Scottish Television, Retrieved 16 February 2012
  69. ^ Harris, Cath (April 2015). "Laurel's Flying Scots". The Swimming Times. pp. 44–51.

Sources

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  • Gilmour, Jamie (1990). One Hundred Years of Warrender Baths Club 1888-1988. Macdonald Lindsay Pindar plc, Edinburgh. ISBN 0951678701.
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